Study on Synthesizing of 2_Methylbutanoic Acid by Indirect Electrooxidation

以２＿ 甲基＿１＿ 丁 醇为原料 ，四丁基 硫酸氢铵（ Ｔ Ｂ Ａ Ｓ） 或 四丁 基高 氯酸 铵（ Ｔ Ｂ Ａ Ｐ） 为 相转移催化 剂，在硫 酸酸性 Ｃｒ（ Ⅵ） 氧 化媒质中 氧化合成 ２＿ 甲基丁 酸．由 上述 氧化 过程 生成 的 Ｃｒ（ Ⅲ） 可电解再 生为氧 化媒质 Ｃｒ（ Ⅵ） ，在 最佳工艺 条件下 其产率大 于９５ ％ ．The working conditions of synthesizing 2_methylbutanoic acid by oxidizing 2_methyl_1_butanol with tetrabutylammonium hydrosulfate(TBAS) or tetrabutylammonium perchlorate(TBAP) as phase transfer catalyst in sulfuric acid Cr(Ⅵ) oxidation medium was studied. The Cr(Ⅵ) oxidation medium could be electrolytic regenerated from Cr(Ⅲ), during above oxidation reaction.Under the optinum condition,the yield of 2_methylbutanoic acid is more than 95%.作者联系地址：福建师范大学化学系!福州350007,福建师范大学化学系!福州350007Author's Address: Dept.of Chem.Fujian Teachers'Univ.FuZhou 35000

High Active Platinum Plated Titanium Electrode

在电沉积过程中采用超声波振荡技术，选择最佳条件可制备牢固高活性钛镀铂电极．超声波振荡技术改善了镀层与基底的粘结力．电极活性与双层电容有关，并归因于表面粗糙度．To prepare the adherent and high active platinum plated titanium electrode, ultrasonic agitation technology and the best conditions of electrodeposition were adopted. Ultrasonic agitation technology can be improved the cohesion between coatings and substrate. The activity of electrode has related to the double layer Capacity of electrode, which was due to the electrode rugosity.作者联系地址：福建师范大学化学系,厦门大学化学系,固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室Author's Address: Department of Chemistry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007 Chen Yanzhen Hu Wenyun State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of the Solid Surface Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 36100

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and their underlying neural mechanisms evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging-based brain connectivity network analyses

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain modulation and rehabilitation technique used in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. rTMS can structurally remodel or functionally induce activities of specific cortical regions and has developed to an important therapeutic method in such patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides brain data that can be used as an explanation tool for the neural mechanisms underlying rTMS effects; brain alterations related to different functions or structures may be reflected in changes in the interaction and influence of brain connections within intrinsic specific networks. In this review, we discuss the technical details of rTMS and the biological interpretation of brain networks identified with MRI analyses, comprehensively summarize the neurobiological effects in rTMS-modulated individuals, and elaborate on changes in the brain network in patients with various neuropsychiatric diseases receiving rehabilitation treatment with rTMS. We conclude that brain connectivity network analysis based on MRI can reflect alterations in functional and structural connectivity networks comprising adjacent and separated brain regions related to stimulation sites, thus reflecting the occurrence of intrinsic functional integration and neuroplasticity. Therefore, MRI is a valuable tool for understanding the neural mechanisms of rTMS and practically tailoring treatment plans for patients with neuropsychiatric diseases

A Novel Pt(Ir) Plated Stainless Steel Electrode

应用欠电位沉积与锚定效应，研制了一种新型的不锈钢镀Ｐｔ（Ｉｒ）电极．此电极具有优越的电化学特性，可望用于微传感器．A novel Pt(Ir) plated stainless steel electrode have been developed, to be applied underpotential deposition and anchor effect. The electrode is provided with the excellent electrochemical characteristic, lt is possible to use the matter as micro-sensor.作者联系地址：福建师范大学化学系,福建师范大学实验中心,厦门大学化学系固体表面物理化学国家重点实验Author's Address: Dept. of Chem., Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou 35007Zheng XiCentre of Expe., Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou 35007Chen Yanzhen Hu Wenyun Dept. of Chem.,State Key Lab. for Phys. Chem. of the

Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production with the Ni-La/Al2O3-CaO-C Catalyst from Co-Pyrolysis of Straw and Polyethylene

Ni-based catalysts have been extensively investigated because of their superior catalytic performance. In this study, the Ni-La/Al2O3-CaO-C catalyst was prepared by homogeneous precipitation, employed in the co-pyrolysis of soybean straw with polyethylene to produce hydrogen. The optimal experimental conditions were identified by discussing the carrier synthesis ratio, feedstock ratio, and addition of La. Additionally, the stability of the catalyst was evaluated. It was established that the carrier was produced using a molar ratio, the raw ingredients ratio of 5:5, and that the optimum catalytic action was obtained when La was added. Co-pyrolysis of soybean straw with polyethylene (PE) that was catalyzed by Ni-La/Al2O3-CaO-C generated 55.45 vol% of H2 under ideal experimental circumstances. After six applications, the H2 yield was 33.89 vol%, compared to 27.5 vol% for the Ni/Al2O3-CaO-C catalyst. The experimental results indicate that Ni-La/Al2O3-CaO-C exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability than Ni/Al2O3-CaO-C

Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production with the Ni-La/Al₂O₃-CaO-C Catalyst from Co-Pyrolysis of Straw and Polyethylene

Ni-based catalysts have been extensively investigated because of their superior catalytic performance. In this study, the Ni-La/Al2O3-CaO-C catalyst was prepared by homogeneous precipitation, employed in the co-pyrolysis of soybean straw with polyethylene to produce hydrogen. The optimal experimental conditions were identified by discussing the carrier synthesis ratio, feedstock ratio, and addition of La. Additionally, the stability of the catalyst was evaluated. It was established that the carrier was produced using a molar ratio, the raw ingredients ratio of 5:5, and that the optimum catalytic action was obtained when La was added. Co-pyrolysis of soybean straw with polyethylene (PE) that was catalyzed by Ni-La/Al2O3-CaO-C generated 55.45 vol% of H2 under ideal experimental circumstances. After six applications, the H2 yield was 33.89 vol%, compared to 27.5 vol% for the Ni/Al2O3-CaO-C catalyst. The experimental results indicate that Ni-La/Al2O3-CaO-C exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability than Ni/Al2O3-CaO-C

Co WC Composite Elecrode

从钴镀液中添加ＷＣ微粒复合电沉积制备Ｃｏ－ＷＣ镀层，ＷＣ微粒的加入，加快了阴极电化学反应．Ｃｏ－ＷＣ复合电极在碱性溶液中具有优越的电催化析氢性能，并经受了长期间断电解的试验，电极性能稳定Electrodepositing Co WC composite coatings from cobalt electro bath including WC particles was studied. WC particles accelerate the cathode reaction of composie electrodeposition. In alkaline solution the electrocatalytic properties of evoluting hydrogen were investigated. The results show that the properties of electrode remain superior and stable in a long term interval electrolyzing experiment.作者联系地址：福建师范大学化学系,厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室Author's Address: Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou 350007 Chen Yanzhen Hu wenyun The key lab. for phys. chem. of Xiamen Univ., Chem., Xiamen 36100

Biological adaptations in the Arctic cervid, the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

The reindeer is an Arctic species that exhibits distinctive biological characteristics, for which the underlying genetic basis remains largely unknown. We compared the genomes of reindeer against those of other ruminants and nonruminant mammals to reveal the genetic basis of light arrhythmicity, high vitamin D metabolic efficiency, the antler growth trait of females, and docility. We validate that two reindeer vitamin D metabolic genes (CYP27B1 and POR) show signs of positive selection and exhibit higher catalytic activity than those of other ruminants. A mutation upstream of the reindeer CCND1 gene endows an extra functional binding motif of the androgen receptor and thereby may result in female antlers. Furthermore, a mutation (proline-1172 -&gt; threonine) in reindeer PER2 results in loss of binding ability with CRY1, which may explain circadian arrhythmicity in reindeer.</p