LC-MS/MS of febuxostat of blank plasma solution(A), reference standards solution (B), blank plasma with reference standards solution(C) and subject plasma solution (D).

<p>LC-MS/MS of febuxostat of blank plasma solution(A), reference standards solution (B), blank plasma with reference standards solution(C) and subject plasma solution (D).</p

The mass spectrometry (MS) parameters for assays of febuxostat.

<p>The mass spectrometry (MS) parameters for assays of febuxostat.</p

Mean plasma concentration-time curves of test and reference formulations of febuxostat after single-dosing of 1 tablet of 40-mg (A) and 80-mg (B).

<p>Mean plasma concentration-time curves of test and reference formulations of febuxostat after single-dosing of 1 tablet of 40-mg (A) and 80-mg (B).</p

Pharmacokinetic parameters of febuxostat after single-dosing in healthy Chinese male volunteers.

<p>Pharmacokinetic parameters of febuxostat after single-dosing in healthy Chinese male volunteers.</p

Colloidal Amphiphile-Templated Growth of Highly Crystalline Mesoporous Nonsiliceous Oxides

Colloidal Amphiphile-Templated Growth of Highly Crystalline Mesoporous Nonsiliceous Oxide

Flowchart of the study.

<p>Flowchart of the study.</p

Bioequivalence evaluation of two formulations of febuxostat tablets after single-dosing in in healthy Chinese male volunteers.

<p>Bioequivalence evaluation of two formulations of febuxostat tablets after single-dosing in in healthy Chinese male volunteers.</p

Protein Microspheres with Unique Green and Red Autofluorescence for Noninvasively Tracking and Modeling Their in Vivo Biodegradation

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) microspheres were prepared through a facile and low-cost route including a high-speed dispersion of BSA in cross-linking solution followed by spray drying. Interestingly the as-prepared BSA microspheres possess unique blue-green, green, green-yellow, and red fluorescence when excited by specific wavelengths of laser or LED light. The studies of UV–visible reflectance spectra and fluorescence emission spectra indicated that four classes of fluorescent compounds are presumably formed during the fabrication processes. The formation and the potential contributors for the unique green and red autofluorescence were also discussed and proposed though the exact structures of the fluorophores formed remain elusive due to the complexity of the protein system. The effect of spray-drying conditions on the morphology of spray-dried samples was investigated and optimized. FTIR was further employed to characterize the formation of the functional groups in the as-prepared autofluorescent microspheres. Good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility was demonstrated by the cytotoxicity test on the A549 cancer cells and tissue histological analysis, respectively. The autofluorescent BSA microspheres themselves were then applied as a novel tracer for convenient tracking/modeling of the biodegradation of autofluorescent BSA microspheres injected into mouse model based on noninvasive, time-dependent fluorescence images of the mice, in which experimental data are in good agreement with the proposed mathematical model. All these studies indicate that the as-developed protein microspheres exhibiting good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique autofluorescence, can significantly broaden biomedical applications of fluorescent protein particles

Facile Synthesis of Co₃O₄@CNT with High Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation under Moisture-Rich Conditions

The catalytic oxidation reaction of CO has recently attracted much attention because of its potential applications in the treatment of air pollutants. The development of inexpensive transition metal oxide catalysts that exhibit high catalytic activities for CO oxidation is in high demand. However, these metal oxide catalysts are susceptible to moisture, as they can be quickly deactivated in the presence of trace amounts of moisture. This article reports a facile synthesis of highly active Co₃O₄@CNT catalysts for CO oxidation under moisture-rich conditions. Our synthetic routes are based on the in situ growth of ultrafine Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) (∼2.5 nm) on pristine multiwalled CNTs in the presence of polymer surfactant. Using a 1% CO and 2% O₂ balanced in N₂ (normal) feed gas (3–10 ppm moisture), a 100% CO conversion with Co₃O₄@CNT catalysts was achieved at various temperatures ranging from 25 to 200 °C at a low O₂ concentration. The modulation of surface hydrophobicity of CNT substrates, other than direct surface modification on the Co₃O₄ catalytic centers, is an efficient method to enhance the moisture resistance of metal oxide catalysts for CO oxidation. After introducing fluorinated alkyl chains on CNT surfaces, the superhydrophobic Co₃O₄@CNT exhibited outstanding activity and durability at 150 °C in the presence of moisture-saturated feed gas. These materials may ultimately present new opportunities to improve the moisture resistance of metal oxide catalysts for CO oxidation

Molecular O₂ Activation over Cu(I)-Mediated CN Bond for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation

The activation of molecular oxygen (O₂) is extremely crucial in heterogeneous oxidations for various industrial applications. Here, a charge-transfer complex CuTCNQ nanowire (CuTCNQ NW) array grown on the copper foam was first reported to show CO catalytic oxidation activity at a temperature below 200 °C with the activated O₂ as an oxidant. The molecular O₂ was energetically activated over the Cu­(I)-mediated CN bond with a lower energy of −1.167 eV and preferentially reduced to ^•O₂^– through one-electron transfer during the activation process by density functional theory calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance. The theoretical calculations indicated that the CO molecule was oxidized by the activated O₂ on the CuTCNQ NW surface via the Eley–Rideal mechanism, which had been further confirmed by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra. These results indicated that the local CN bond electron-state engineering could effectively improve the molecular O₂ activation efficiency, which facilitates the low-temperature CO catalytic oxidation. The findings reported here enhance our understanding on the molecular oxygen activation pathway over metal–organic nanocatalysts and provide a new avenue for rational design of novel low-cost, organic-based heterogeneous catalysts