The Wood Properties of an Intergeneric Hybrid － Taxodiomeria peizhongii (Taxodium mucronatum × Cryptomeria fortunei)

Taxodiomeria peizhongii is an intergeneric hybrid between Taxodium mucronatum and Cryptomeria fortunei. By more than 30 years investigation, it is found that the hybrid is well suited for the site and climate of Shanghai area, and it will be one of the main landscape trees in near few years. So it is necessary to know its basic wood properties. In this research, we harvested 6 sample trees of Taxodiomeria peizhongii and studied the elementary wood properties. The results showed that its mean annual ring width was 7.0mm, mean basic density 0.32g/cm3, and the mean percentage of latewood 24.3%. The mean treacheid length of latewood was 3.1mm, and mean treacheid width 35.1μm. Compared with other usual coniferous trees, the values of these indices were at a medium level. The period of juvenile wood was about 15 years, and the fast growing period appeared in first 10 years. The basic density, altering less in radial growth, showed a significant minus relation with annual ring width. The percentage of latewood did not related to wood density.OtherShinshu University International Symposium 2010 : Sustainable Agriculture and Environment : Asian Networks II 　信州大学国際シンポジウム2010 : 持続的農業と環境 : アジアネットワークII ― アジアネットワークの発展をめざして―. 信州大学農学部, 2010, 65-70conference pape

Digitale Übungsgestaltung im virtuellen Fremdsprachenunterricht für Erwachsene unter der Berücksichtigung neurowissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse

Infolge der weltweiten Pandemie wurde der Fremdsprachenunterricht auf digitales Lehren und Lernen ausgerichtet, wodurch der Stellenwert der virtuellen Umgebung zum Lehren und Lernen von Fremdsprachen zunimmt. Dies wirkt sich nicht nur auf unser soziales Verhalten aus, sondern fordert die Übungsgestaltung und Einsatz der virtuellen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Fremdsprachenvermittlung. Die Pandemie hat zu einer verstärkten Beachtung des Abstandsgebots geführt. Durch sie hat sich das soziale Verhalten auf das Lehren und Lernen ausgewirkt, und man kann in einer virtuellen Lernumgebung unabhängig vom Bildungseinrichtungsort lehren und lernen. Man braucht die Übungsblätter in der virtuellen Lernumgebung nicht mehr auszudrucken und aufzuteilen, und die Übungen werden auf eine neue Weise präsentiert. Allerdings kann die Übung schwer zu kontrollieren sein, und es kann schwierig sein, herauszufinden, wie die Lernenden die Übungen durchführen, so dass die Wahl des Übungsformats eine wichtige Rolle spielt. In dieser Arbeit wird dies anhand von Erkenntnissen aus der Neurowissenschaft gezeigt und dann deren praktische Umsetzung bei der Übungsgestaltung für den virtuellen Fremdsprachenunterricht für Erwachsene diskutiert. Diese Masterarbeit verfolgt dieses Ziel, indem ein Überblick über die Gestaltung der digitalen Medien in der virtuellen Lernumgebung gegeben wird, wie man Übungen lernförderlich mit digitalen Medien integriert und gestaltet und wie man virtuellen Fremdsprachenunterricht in Forderungen der Neurodidaktik umsetzt

The lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 Regulates RPL22 to Modulate TNBC Progression via Controlling the TGF-β Signaling Pathway

BackgroundLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression, but further work is needed to fully understand the functional relevance of these non-coding RNAs in this cancer type. Herein, we explored the functional role of the lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 in TNBC.MethodsNext-generation sequencing was conducted to compare the expression of different lncRNAs in TNBC tumor and paracancerous tissues, after which ADAMTS9-AS2differential expression in these tumor tissues was evaluated via qPCR. The functional role of this lncRNA was assessed by overexpressing it in vitro and in vivo. FISH and PCR were used to assess the localization of ADAMTS9-AS2within cells. Downstream targets of ADAMTS9-AS2 signaling were identified via RNA pulldown assays and transcriptomic sequencing.ResultsThe expression ofADAMTS9-AS2 was decreased in TNBC tumor samples (P < 0.05), with such downregulation being correlated with TNM stage, age, and tumor size. Overexpressing ADAMTS9-AS2 promoted the apoptotic death and cell cycle arrest of tumor cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. From a mechanistic perspective, ADAMTS9-AS2 was found to control the expression of RPL22 and to thereby modulate TGF-β signaling to control TNBC progression.ConclusionADAMTS9-AS2 controls the expression of RPL22 and thereby regulates TNBC malignancy via the TGF-β signaling pathway

SuperScaler: Supporting Flexible DNN Parallelization via a Unified Abstraction

With the growing model size, deep neural networks (DNN) are increasingly trained over massive GPU accelerators, which demands a proper parallelization plan that transforms a DNN model into fine-grained tasks and then schedules them to GPUs for execution. Due to the large search space, the contemporary parallelization plan generators often rely on empirical rules that couple transformation and scheduling, and fall short in exploring more flexible schedules that yield better memory usage and compute efficiency. This tension can be exacerbated by the emerging models with increasing complexity in their structure and model size. SuperScaler is a system that facilitates the design and generation of highly flexible parallelization plans. It formulates the plan design and generation into three sequential phases explicitly: model transformation, space-time scheduling, and data dependency preserving. Such a principled approach decouples multiple seemingly intertwined factors and enables the composition of highly flexible parallelization plans. As a result, SuperScaler can not only generate empirical parallelization plans, but also construct new plans that achieve up to 3.5X speedup compared to state-of-the-art solutions like DeepSpeed, Megatron and Alpa, for emerging DNN models like Swin-Transformer and AlphaFold2, as well as well-optimized models like GPT-3

miRNA-Based Signature Associated With Tumor Mutational Burden in Colon Adenocarcinoma

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) has become an independent biomarker for predicting the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). miRNAs play an important role in cancer-related immune regulation. However, the relationship between miRNA expression and TMB in COAD remains unclear. Therefore, the transcriptome profiling data, clinical data, mutation annotation data, and miRNA expression profiles for cases of COAD were downloaded from the TCGA database. Subsequently, 323 COAD cases were randomly divided into training and test sets. The differential expression of miRNAs in the high and low TMB groups in the training set was obtained as a signature using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and verified in the test set. Based on the LASSO method, principal component analysis (PCA), and ROC, we found that the signature was credible because it can discriminate between high and low TMB levels. In addition, the correlation between the 18-miRNA-based signature and immune checkpoints was performed, followed by qRT-PCR, to measure the relative expression of 18 miRNAs in COAD patients. The miRNA-based model had a strong positive correlation with TMB and a weak positive correlation with CTLA4 and CD274 (PD-L1). However, no correlation was observed between the model and SNCA (PD-1). Finally, enrichment analysis of the 18 miRNAs was performed to explore their biological functions. The results demonstrated that 18 miRNAs were involved in the process of immunity and cancer pathways. In conclusion, the 18-miRNA-based signature can effectively predict and discriminate between the different TMB levels of COAD and provide a guide for its treatment with ICIs

Observation of the Anomalous Hall Effect in a Collinear Antiferromagnet

Time-reversal symmetry breaking is the basic physics concept underpinning many magnetic topological phenomena such as the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and its quantized variant. The AHE has been primarily accompanied by a ferromagnetic dipole moment, which hinders the topological quantum states and limits data density in memory devices, or by a delicate noncollinear magnetic order with strong spin decoherence, both limiting their applicability. A potential breakthrough is the recent theoretical prediction of the AHE arising from collinear antiferromagnetism in an anisotropic crystal environment. This new mechanism does not require magnetic dipolar or noncollinear fields. However, it has not been experimentally observed to date. Here we demonstrate this unconventional mechanism by measuring the AHE in an epilayer of a rutile collinear antiferromagnet RuO$_2$. The observed anomalous Hall conductivity is large, exceeding 300 S/cm, and is in agreement with the Berry phase topological transport contribution. Our results open a new unexplored chapter of time-reversal symmetry breaking phenomena in the abundant class of collinear antiferromagnetic materials.Comment: 33 pages, 14 figures, 2 table