JALAD: Joint Accuracy- and Latency-Aware Deep Structure Decoupling for Edge-Cloud Execution

Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth of deep-network based services and applications. A practical and critical problem thus has emerged: how to effectively deploy the deep neural network models such that they can be executed efficiently. Conventional cloud-based approaches usually run the deep models in data center servers, causing large latency because a significant amount of data has to be transferred from the edge of network to the data center. In this paper, we propose JALAD, a joint accuracy- and latency-aware execution framework, which decouples a deep neural network so that a part of it will run at edge devices and the other part inside the conventional cloud, while only a minimum amount of data has to be transferred between them. Though the idea seems straightforward, we are facing challenges including i) how to find the best partition of a deep structure; ii) how to deploy the component at an edge device that only has limited computation power; and iii) how to minimize the overall execution latency. Our answers to these questions are a set of strategies in JALAD, including 1) A normalization based in-layer data compression strategy by jointly considering compression rate and model accuracy; 2) A latency-aware deep decoupling strategy to minimize the overall execution latency; and 3) An edge-cloud structure adaptation strategy that dynamically changes the decoupling for different network conditions. Experiments demonstrate that our solution can significantly reduce the execution latency: it speeds up the overall inference execution with a guaranteed model accuracy loss.Comment: conference, copyright transfered to IEE

On the mechanism of air entrainment by liquid jets at a free surface

The process by which a liquid jet falling into a liquid pool entrains air is studied experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that, provided the nozzle from which the jet issues is properly contoured, an undisturbed jet does not entrap air even at relatively high Reynolds numbers. When surface disturbances are generated on the jet by a rapid increase of the liquid flow rate, on the other hand, large air cavities are formed. Their collapse under the action of gravity causes the entrapment of bubbles in the liquid. This sequence of events is recorded with a CCD and a high-speed camera. A boundary-integral method is used to simulate the process numerically with results in good agreement with the observations. An unexpected nding is that the role of the jet is not simply that of conveying the disturbance to the pool surface. Rather, both the observed energy budget and the simulations imply the presence of a mechanism by which part of the jet energy is used in creating the cavity. A hypothesis on the nature of this mechanism is presented

How driving duration influences drivers' visual behaviors and fatigue awareness: a naturalistic truck driving test study

AbstractBackground: Commercial truck drivers stay behind the wheel for long hours. Fatigue is thus a major safety concern among such long distance travelling drivers.Objectives: Primarily, the study explored the effects of driving duration on commercial truck drivers’ visual features and fatigue awareness. It also examined the association between visual variables and subjective level of fatigue.Methods: Participants of the study were 36 commercial truck drivers. During the study, the participants were grouped into nine on the basis of the differences in their age and were made to participate in the naturalistic driving test. In the driving test, the participants were asked to finish 2h, 3h, and 4h continuous driving tasks. Ten visual indicators and self awareness of fatigue level of the drivers were recorded during the driving hours. One-way ANOVA and Pearson product-moment correlation were used to analyze each visual indicator’s variation by age groups over time, and its association with subjective level of fatigue.Results: The statistical analysis revealed that continuous driving duration had a significant effect on changes of visual indicators and self-reported fatigue level. After 2h of driving, both the average closure duration value and average subjective fatigue level changed significantly. After 4h of driving, other than the average number of saccades and average pupil diameter, all of the driver’s visual indicators had a significant change. In addition, the change of fatigue level is positively associated with the variation of pupil diameter, fixation duration, blink frequency, blink duration, and closure duration. On the other hand, the change of fatigue level was negatively related to number of fixations, search angle, number of saccade, saccade speed, and saccade amplitude.Conclusion: Driving duration has a significant effect on driver’s visual variation and fatigue level. For commercial truck drivers, traffic laws and regulations should strictly control the amount of their continuous driving time. Moreover, driving fatigue can also be evaluated through the change rate of driver’s visual indicators. Awareness of the rate of change in their driving fatigue level alerts drivers to the risk of fatigue and rest moment. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2018;32(1):36-45

3,5-Dinitro-N-(4-nitro­phen­yl)benzamide

In the title mol­ecule, C13H8N4O7, the amide fragment has an anti configuration. The mean planes of the two benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 7.78 (4)°. The mean planes of the three nitro groups are twisted by 6.82 (3), 5.01 (4) and 18.94 (7)° with respect to the benzene rings to which they are attached. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains along [100]

Fast synchronization of complex dynamical networks with time-varying delay via periodically intermittent control

The fast synchronization problem for a class of complex dynamical networks with time varying delay by means of periodically intermittent control is studied. Based on the finite-time stability theory and periodically intermittent control technique, some sufficient synchronization criteria are obtained to guarantee the fast synchronization. Furthermore, the essential condition for guaranteeing periodically intermittent control realized in finite time is given in this paper. Finally, two examples are illustrated to verify the proposed theoretical results.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/neucom2017-09-30hb2016Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineerin

Theoretical model and practical exploration of digital technology-empowered green management of water resource in semiconductor manufacturing industry

[Objective] This study focused on the green management of water resources in the semiconductor manufacturing industry based on digital technology. It analyzed the establishment of a comprehensive framework for green management of water resources from the perspective of technological empowerment, providing theoretical paradigm and practical guidance for the application of digital technology and the green development in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. [Methods] By systematically reviewing relevant literature on the domestic and international levels and incorporating multidisciplinary solutions, an innovative circular economy model was constructed. The article established a water resource green intelligent management system for semiconductor manufacturing enterprises, and used a case study method to select a typical semiconductor manufacturing enterprise, then deeply analyzed the application process of the technological framework. [Results] (1) Based on the “reduction, reuse, recycle” 3R principle of the circular economy model, and utilized the systematic analysis method, a theoretical model for the digital technology-empowered green management of water resources framework was built. (2) The theoretical model explained the connotation, characteristics, and functions of digital technology empowerment from the source to the end of each production process. It analyzed the specific measures of each enterprise under the 3R principle, and revealed the action path of data technology in empowering green management of water resources. (3) Through a case study of a semiconductor company in East China, the practical exploration of intelligent water resources green management technology solutions was achieved. The trend of data change over the past three years indicated a basic positive correlation between digital technology innovation and the benefits of green management of water resources, with higher benefits corresponding to higher innovation levels. [Conclusion] Digital technology can provide innovative green water resources management solutions for semiconductor manufacturing companies, enhancing their competitiveness. For the new development stage of the Chinese semiconductor manufacturing industry, it has significant implications for strengthening the dominant position of digital technology innovation and improving intelligent green management of water resources