Macroscopical Entangled Coherent State Generator in V configuration atom system

In this paper, we propose a scheme to produce pure and macroscopical entangled coherent state. When a three-level ''V'' configuration atom interacts with a doubly reasonant cavity, under the strong classical driven condition, entangled coherent state can be generated from vacuum fields. An analytical solution for this system under the presence of cavity losses is also given

Dynamics of bacterial community structure in a fullscale wastewater treatment plant with anoxic-oxic configuration using 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE fingerprints

The microbial community composition and dominant bacterial populations in anoxic-oxic activated sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), were investigated with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) coupled with sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments from dominant bands. The bacterial ecological distribution at different parts of each reactor, the dynamics of the bacterial community structure over the total process course andtemporal dynamics were obtained by comparing the DGGE patterns. Differences were noted between three sections of the reactors and also two reactors within the entire process of the system. Temporal variations in bacterial composition of the activated sludge in each reactor were responded to their circumstances. The prominent DGGE bands were excised and sequenced in order to identify the predominantly present and active bacterial populations. Here, combined with phylogenetic analysis ofthe DGGE fingerprints, the four major bacterial lineages can be revealed: á, â, ã- Proteobacteria, and the phylum Firmicutes (low G+C  Gram-positive). The 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that theDGGE bands of dominant bacterial from this plant harbored sequences of possible nitrogen remover with potential aerobic denitrification / heterotrophic nitrification.Key words: Community structure, PCR-DGGE, 16S ribosomal DNA, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); activated sludge

Sensitivity of neutron to proton ratio toward the high density behavior of symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions

The symmetry energy at sub and supra-saturation densities has a great importance in understanding the exact nature of asymmetric nuclear matter as well as neutron star, but, it is poor known, especially at supra-saturation densities. We will demonstrate here that the neutron to proton ratios from different kind of fragments is able to determine the supra-saturation behavior of symmetry energy or not. For this purpose, a series of Sn isotopes are simulated at different incident energies using the Isospin Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD) model with either a soft or a stiff symmetry energy for the present study. It is found that the single neutron to proton ratio from free nucleons as well as LCP's is sensitive towards the symmetry energy, incident energy as well as isospin asymmetry of the system. However, with the double neutron to proton ratio, it is true only for the free nucleons. It is possible to study the high density behavior of symmetry energy by using the neutron to proton ratio from free nucleons.Comment: 11 Pages, 9 Figure

Is the f0(600)f_0(600) meson a dynamically generated resonance? -- a lesson learned from the O(N) model and beyond

O(N) linear $\sigma$ model is solvable in the large $N$ limit and hence provides a useful theoretical laboratory to test various unitarization approximations. We find that the large $N_c$ limit and the $m_\sigma\to \infty$ limit do not commute. In order to get the correct large $N_c$ spectrum one has to firstly take the large $N_c$ limit. We argue that the $f_0(600)$ meson may not be described as generated dynamically. On the contrary, it is most appropriately described at the same level as the pions, i.e, both appear explicitly in the effective lagrangian. Actually it is very likely the $\sigma$ meson responsible for the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in a lagrangian with linearly realized chiral symmetry.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figurs; references added; discussions slightly modified; revised version accepted by IJMP