358 research outputs found
Competition between weak localization and antilocalization in topological surface states
A magnetoconductivity formula is presented for the surface states of a
magnetically doped topological insulator. It reveals a competing effect of weak
localization and weak antilocalization in quantum transport when an energy gap
is opened at the Dirac point by magnetic doping. It is found that, while random
magnetic scattering always drives the system from the symplectic to the unitary
class, the gap could induce a crossover from weak antilocalization to weak
localization, tunable by the Fermi energy or the gap. This crossover presents a
unique feature characterizing the surface states of a topological insulator
with the gap opened at the Dirac point in the quantum diffusion regime.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Human Comprehensible Active Learning of Genome-Scale Metabolic Networks
An important application of Synthetic Biology is the engineering of the host
cell system to yield useful products. However, an increase in the scale of the
host system leads to huge design space and requires a large number of
validation trials with high experimental costs. A comprehensible machine
learning approach that efficiently explores the hypothesis space and guides
experimental design is urgently needed for the Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL)
cycle of the host cell system. We introduce a novel machine learning framework
ILP-iML1515 based on Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) that performs abductive
logical reasoning and actively learns from training examples. In contrast to
numerical models, ILP-iML1515 is built on comprehensible logical
representations of a genome-scale metabolic model and can update the model by
learning new logical structures from auxotrophic mutant trials. The ILP-iML1515
framework 1) allows high-throughput simulations and 2) actively selects
experiments that reduce the experimental cost of learning gene functions in
comparison to randomly selected experiments.Comment: Invited presentation for AAAI Spring Symposium Series 2023 on
Computational Scientific Discover
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of porcine circovirus type 2
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of the emerging swine disease known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Nowadays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is still the most widespread technique in pathogen detection. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a novel nucleic acid amplification method developed in 2000, will possibly replace PCR in the field of detection. To establish a LAMP method for rapid detection of PCV2, two pairs of primers were designed specially from the open reading frame 2 (ORF2) sequences of PCV2. A LAMP method for rapid detection of PCV2 was established. To compare with PCR, sensitivity and specificity of LAMP were evaluated using the optimized reaction system. The LAMP products could be determined by agarose gel electrophoresis or adding SYBR Green I dye.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The amplification of LAMP could be obtained at 63°C for 60 min. The detection limit was nearly 1 copy of DNA plasmid, more sensitive than PCR. There was no cross-reaction with porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) under the same conditions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>LAMP is an useful rapid detection method with high sensitivity and specificity for PCV2.</p
1,4-Bis[4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)buta-1,3-diynyl]benzene
The title centrosymmetric molecule, C46H42Si2, is composed of a central benzene ring with buta-1,3-diynyl chains at positions 1 and 4. These chains are terminated by tert-butyldiphenylsilyl groups, hence the molecule is dumbbell in shape. The molecules are connected via C—H⋯π interactions in the structure, so forming an undulating two-dimensional network in the bc plane. There is also a weak π–π interaction involving centrosymmetrically related phenyl rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.8359 (11) Å
Tunable interaction-induced localization of surface electrons in antidot nanostructured Bi2Te3 thin films
Recently, a logarithmic decrease of conductivity has been observed in
topological insulators at low temperatures, implying a tendency of localization
of surface electrons. Here, we report quantum transport experiments on the
topological insulator Bi2Te3 thin films with arrayed antidot nanostructures.
With increasing density of the antidots, a systematic decrease is observed in
the slope of the logarithmic temperature-dependent conductivity curves,
indicating the electron-electron interaction can be tuned by the antidots.
Meanwhile, the weak anti-localization effect revealed in magnetoconductivity
exhibits an enhanced dominance of electron-electron interaction among
decoherence mechanisms. The observation can be understood from an
antidot-induced reduction of the effective dielectric constant, which controls
the interactions between the surface electrons. Our results clarify the
indispensable role of the electron-electron interaction in the localization of
surface electrons and indicate the localization of surface electrons in an
interacting topological insulator.Comment: 27 pages, article+supplemental materials, published in ACS Nan
Motorized Macrocycle:A Photo-responsive Host with Switchable and Stereoselective Guest Recognition
Designing photo-responsive host–guest systems can provide versatile supramolecular tools for constructing smart systems and materials. We designed photo-responsive macrocyclic hosts, modulated by light-driven molecular rotary motors enabling switchable chiral guest recognition. The intramolecular cyclization of the two arms of a first-generation molecular motor with flexible oligoethylene glycol chains of different lengths resulted in crown-ether-like macrocycles with intrinsic motor function. The octaethylene glycol linkage enables the successful unidirectional rotation of molecular motors, simultaneously allowing the 1:1 host–guest interaction with ammonium salt guests. The binding affinity and stereoselectivity of the motorized macrocycle can be reversibly modulated, owing to the multi-state light-driven switching of geometry and helicity of the molecular motors. This approach provides an attractive strategy to construct stimuli-responsive host–guest systems and dynamic materials
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