Investigation of Binding of Volatile Flavor Compounds by Soy Proteins in Low -Moisture Food Systems by Inverse Gas Chromatography (Igc)

123 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005.IGC provided rapid and precise measurements of thermodynamic and sorption data. Flavor compound chemical structure greatly determined its binding potential to SPI. Weak binding of hydrocarbons to SPI was attributed to nonspecific van der Walls dispersion forces only, while stronger binding exhibited on those more polar compounds (ester, ketone, aldehyde, alcohol) might be ascribed to both specific and non-specific interactions (hydrogen bonding, dipole and van der Walls dispersion forces). Interaction potential of polar flavor compounds with SPI was greatly impaired by adsorbed water in the extremely low humidity region (approaching 0% RH); while their binding strengths with SPI were not significantly affected by further water uptake in the 30∼50% RH region. Stronger interactions with the crackers at 15% RH were observed for gamma-butyrolactone and butyric acid, possibly due to the involvement of stronger hydrogen bonding and/or ionic forces, than for diacetyl and hexanal. Presence of soy proteins did not affect binding of diacetyl and hexanal, but increased binding of gamma-butyrolactone and butyric acid. Solvent extraction data agreed with IGC results in that retention/binding of butyric acid was higher in the soy cracker, while binding of diacetyl to the two crackers did not differ. However, sensory results showed that headspace diacetyl or butyric acid aroma intensities of the two crackers were not significantly different.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Investigation of Binding of Volatile Flavor Compounds by Soy Proteins in Low -Moisture Food Systems by Inverse Gas Chromatography (Igc)

123 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005.IGC provided rapid and precise measurements of thermodynamic and sorption data. Flavor compound chemical structure greatly determined its binding potential to SPI. Weak binding of hydrocarbons to SPI was attributed to nonspecific van der Walls dispersion forces only, while stronger binding exhibited on those more polar compounds (ester, ketone, aldehyde, alcohol) might be ascribed to both specific and non-specific interactions (hydrogen bonding, dipole and van der Walls dispersion forces). Interaction potential of polar flavor compounds with SPI was greatly impaired by adsorbed water in the extremely low humidity region (approaching 0% RH); while their binding strengths with SPI were not significantly affected by further water uptake in the 30∼50% RH region. Stronger interactions with the crackers at 15% RH were observed for gamma-butyrolactone and butyric acid, possibly due to the involvement of stronger hydrogen bonding and/or ionic forces, than for diacetyl and hexanal. Presence of soy proteins did not affect binding of diacetyl and hexanal, but increased binding of gamma-butyrolactone and butyric acid. Solvent extraction data agreed with IGC results in that retention/binding of butyric acid was higher in the soy cracker, while binding of diacetyl to the two crackers did not differ. However, sensory results showed that headspace diacetyl or butyric acid aroma intensities of the two crackers were not significantly different.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Sequelae of Stroke in Chinese Older Adults

Extensive evidence suggests that ambient air pollution contributes to a higher risk of hospital admissions for cerebrovascular diseases; however, its association with admissions for sequelae of stroke remains unclear. A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted among 31,810 older adults who were admitted to hospital for sequelae of stroke in Guangzhou, China during 2016–2019. For each subject, daily residential exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) was extracted from a validated grid data set. Conditional logistic regression models were used for exposure-response analyses. In single-pollutant models, each interquartile range (IQR) increase of lag 04-day exposure to CO (IQR: 0.25 mg/m3) and lag 3-day exposure to O3 (69.6 μg/m3) was significantly associated with a 4.53% (95% confidence interval: 1.67%, 7.47%) and 5.63% (1.92%, 9.48%) increase in odds of hospital admissions for sequelae of stroke, respectively. These associations did not significantly vary across age or sex. With further adjustment for each of the other pollutants in 2-pollutant models, the association for CO did not change significantly, while the association for O3 disappeared. We estimated that 7.72% of the hospital admissions were attributable to CO exposures. No significant or consistent association was observed for exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, or NO2. In conclusion, short-term exposure to ambient CO, even at levels below the WHO air quality guideline, was significantly associated with an increased odds of hospital admissions for sequelae of stroke, which may lead to considerable excess hospital admissions

Short‐Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Sequelae of Stroke in Chinese Older Adults

Abstract Extensive evidence suggests that ambient air pollution contributes to a higher risk of hospital admissions for cerebrovascular diseases; however, its association with admissions for sequelae of stroke remains unclear. A time‐stratified case‐crossover study was conducted among 31,810 older adults who were admitted to hospital for sequelae of stroke in Guangzhou, China during 2016–2019. For each subject, daily residential exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) was extracted from a validated grid data set. Conditional logistic regression models were used for exposure‐response analyses. In single‐pollutant models, each interquartile range (IQR) increase of lag 04‐day exposure to CO (IQR: 0.25 mg/m3) and lag 3‐day exposure to O3 (69.6 μg/m3) was significantly associated with a 4.53% (95% confidence interval: 1.67%, 7.47%) and 5.63% (1.92%, 9.48%) increase in odds of hospital admissions for sequelae of stroke, respectively. These associations did not significantly vary across age or sex. With further adjustment for each of the other pollutants in 2‐pollutant models, the association for CO did not change significantly, while the association for O3 disappeared. We estimated that 7.72% of the hospital admissions were attributable to CO exposures. No significant or consistent association was observed for exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, or NO2. In conclusion, short‐term exposure to ambient CO, even at levels below the WHO air quality guideline, was significantly associated with an increased odds of hospital admissions for sequelae of stroke, which may lead to considerable excess hospital admissions