Further validation of the Health Scale of Traditional Chinese Medicine (HSTCM)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Few health measurement scales are based on Chinese medicine theory. The Health Scale of Traditional Chinese Medicine (HSTCM) was developed to fill this gap. The aim of this study is to validate the HSTCM.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A convenience sample of 630 participants was recruited in 11 settings. All participants were asked to complete the HSTCM and World Health Organization Quality of Life Measure-Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Properties of the HSTCM were tested. Intra-class correlation coefficient representing the inter-interviewer reliability was 0.99 (95%CI) for the overall instrument. Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient and Cronbach's coefficient alpha were 0.81 and 0.94 respectively, indicating satisfactory internal reliability and inter-interviewer reliability. Spearman's rho correlation coefficient between the HSTCM and WHOQOL-BREFF was -0.67. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to test the discriminate validation. Areas under the ROC curve analysis for the HSTCM and its domains ranged 0.71–0.87 and all the lower levels of 95%CI were greater than 0.50.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The HSTCM was validated as a generic health scale and may complement existing health measurement scales in Chinese medicine health care.</p

Effects of different resuscitation fluids on pulmonary expression of aquaporin1 and aquaporin5 in a rat model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and infection.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effects of fluids resuscitation on pulmonary expression of aquaporin1 and aquaporin5 in a rat model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and infection. METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups, sham operation group (Group C) and four treated groups: no fluid resuscitation group (Group NF), groups resuscitated with Lactated Ringer's (LR),7.5% NaCl (HTS) and Hydroxyl ethyl starch (HES) respectively. Three-phased uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and infection model was used. Phase I: Massive hemorrhage with a mean arterial pressure of 35-40 mmHg for 60 min, and followed by infection of lipopolysaccharide. Then some animals were resuscitated with solutions mentioned above, until 90 min. Phase II: At hemorrhagic shock 90 minutes, phase II of 60 minutes began with hemostasis and returning of all the initial shed blood. Phase III: Observation phase for 3.5 hours. After phase III, arterial blood gas analysis and the survival rates of the rats were recorded, Wet-to-dry lung weight ratio, BALF protein, pulmonary permeability index, and expressions of aquaporin1 and aquaporin5 were tested. RESULTS: The expressions of aquaporin1 and aquaporin5 were decreased in treatment groups comparing with sham operation group. Group HES and Group HTS decreased pulmonary vascular permeability and Wet-to-dry lung weight ratio, improved arterial blood gas analysis and survival rates, and attenuated the decreased pulmonary expression of aquaporin1 and aquaporin5 after the "two-hit", comparing with groups NF and LR,but these beneficial effects were blunted in group HTS. CONCLUSION: The expression of aquaporin1 and aquaporin5 may play important roles in formation of pulmonary edema. Resuscitation with HTS and HES, especially HES can reduce lung injury after hemorrhagic shock, partly by up-regulating the expressions of aquaporin1 and aquaporin5

DataSheet3_Efficacy of propofol for the prevention of emergence agitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children: A meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundEmergence agitation (EA) is a common postoperative behavioral disorder, predominantly in pediatric patients, after sevoflurane general anesthesia. This study was aimed at assessing propofol's efficacy and clinical conditions established for preventing EA in children under sevoflurane anesthesia.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) that comparatively investigated propofol and control treatment in terms of efficacy and safety on administration at the end of surgery and examinations to prevent EA in children under sevoflurane anesthesia were searched. The sources accessed included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Furthermore, manual searches were performed to identify studies; the last review was conducted on March 21, 2022. When the risk of bias assessment of trials was performed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, we calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for EA incidence and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CI for continuous data.ResultsWe included 12 RCTs with 1103 children. EA incidence (RR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.67) and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scores (MD: −3.14, 95% CI: −4.37 to −1.92) were lower in the propofol group. Subgroup analyses showed lower EA incidences with 3 mg/kg propofol (RR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.38) without extension of the PACU time (MD: 4.97, 95% CI: −0.84 to 10.78) in the laryngeal mask airway (LMA; RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.77) and spontaneous breathing (RR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.62) groups.DiscussionWe confirmed that a prophylactic dose of propofol prevented EA and decreased its severity in children under sevoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, several conditions such as 3 mg/kg propofol, LMA, and spontaneous breathing, potentially contributed to EA prevention. Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=274692, identifier: PROSPERO (No. CRD42021274692).</p

Western Blot Analysis for AQP1 in the lung tissues.

<p>Protein were extracted and subjected to Western blot analysis with use of polyclonal antibody against AQP1. Lanes are as follows: 1, Group C; 2, Group NF; 3, Group LR; 4, Group HTS; 5, Group HES group. Data presented are means ± standard deviation (SD) of three or four separate experiments. ^△<i>P</i><0.05 versus Group S; ⁺<i>P</i><0.05 versus Group NF; *<i>P</i><0.05 versus Group LR; ^▴<i>P</i><0.05 versus Group HTS.</p

Measurements of W/D, BALF pro, PPI in the five groups (8 animals in each group).

<p>The groups defined in the text, Data are means ± standard deviation (SD).W/D: Wet to dry lung weight ratio; BALF pro: Protein concentration in the BALF; PPI: Pulmonary permeability index, valued as BALF/Plasma protein ratio.</p>△<p><i>P</i><0.05 v/s Group C;</p>+<p><i>P</i><0.05 v/s Group NF;</p>▴<p><i>P</i><0.05 v/s Group LR;</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.05, Group HES v/s Group HTS.</p

The varieties of mean arterial pressure (MAP) at different time points in the rats (12 animals in each group).

<p>The groups and the time points defined in the text, Data are means ± standard deviation (SD),</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.05, v/s Group C,</p>△<p><i>P</i><0.05 v/s Group NF,</p>▴<p><i>P</i><0.05 v/s Group LR.</p

Histology of representative lung sections of rats.

<p>Significant numbers of inflammatory cells migrated into the alveolar spaces, the alveolar walls showed destructive changes and alveolar congestion in the NF and LR group (panel b, panel c). The attenuation of lung injury with HTS and HES treatment group was noted (panel d, panel e). Five rats were examined in each group. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Original magnification: ×100.</p

Image1_Efficacy of propofol for the prevention of emergence agitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children: A meta-analysis.tif

BackgroundEmergence agitation (EA) is a common postoperative behavioral disorder, predominantly in pediatric patients, after sevoflurane general anesthesia. This study was aimed at assessing propofol's efficacy and clinical conditions established for preventing EA in children under sevoflurane anesthesia.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) that comparatively investigated propofol and control treatment in terms of efficacy and safety on administration at the end of surgery and examinations to prevent EA in children under sevoflurane anesthesia were searched. The sources accessed included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Furthermore, manual searches were performed to identify studies; the last review was conducted on March 21, 2022. When the risk of bias assessment of trials was performed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, we calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for EA incidence and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CI for continuous data.ResultsWe included 12 RCTs with 1103 children. EA incidence (RR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.67) and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scores (MD: −3.14, 95% CI: −4.37 to −1.92) were lower in the propofol group. Subgroup analyses showed lower EA incidences with 3 mg/kg propofol (RR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.38) without extension of the PACU time (MD: 4.97, 95% CI: −0.84 to 10.78) in the laryngeal mask airway (LMA; RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.77) and spontaneous breathing (RR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.62) groups.DiscussionWe confirmed that a prophylactic dose of propofol prevented EA and decreased its severity in children under sevoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, several conditions such as 3 mg/kg propofol, LMA, and spontaneous breathing, potentially contributed to EA prevention. Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=274692, identifier: PROSPERO (No. CRD42021274692).</p

The results of arterial blood gases at the end of the experiment (6 animals in each group).

<p>The groups defined in the text, Data are means ± standard deviation (SD),</p>△<p><i>P</i><0.05 v/s Group C,</p>+<p><i>P</i><0.05 v/s Group NF,</p>▴<p><i>P</i><0.05 v/s Group LR.</p