The juxtamembrane and carboxy-terminal domains of Arabidopsis PRK2 are critical for ROP-induced growth in pollen tubes.

Polarized growth of pollen tubes is a critical step for successful reproduction in angiosperms and is controlled by ROP GTPases. Spatiotemporal activation of ROP (Rho GTPases of plants) necessitates a complex and sophisticated regulatory system, in which guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RopGEFs) are key components. It was previously shown that a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, Arabidopsis pollen receptor kinase 2 (AtPRK2), interacted with RopGEF12 for its membrane recruitment. However, the mechanisms underlying AtPRK2-mediated ROP activation in vivo are yet to be defined. It is reported here that over-expression of AtPRK2 induced tube bulging that was accompanied by the ectopic localization of ROP-GTP and the ectopic distribution of actin microfilaments. Tube depolarization was also induced by a potentially kinase-dead mutant, AtPRK2K366R, suggesting that the over-expression effect of AtPRK2 did not require its kinase activity. By contrast, deletions of non-catalytic domains in AtPRK2, i.e. the juxtamembrane (JM) and carboxy-terminal (CT) domains, abolished its ability to affect tube polarization. Notably, AtPRK2K366R retained the ability to interact with RopGEF12, whereas AtPRK2 truncations of these non-catalytic domains did not. Lastly, it has been shown that the JM and CT domains of AtPRK2 were not only critical for its interaction with RopGEF12 but also critical for its distribution at the plasma membrane. These results thus provide further insight into pollen receptor kinase-mediated ROP activation during pollen tube growth

Poly[[μ3-3-(3-pyrid­yl)acrylato-κ3 N:O:O′][μ2-3-(3-pyrid­yl)acrylato-κ3 O,O′:O][μ2-3-(3-pyrid­yl)acrylato-κ2 O:O′)]gadolinium(III)]

In the title compound, [Gd(C8H6NO2)3]n, the GdIII ion is in a bicapped trigonal prismatic coordination environment formed by seven O atoms and one N atom, derived from seven different 3-(3-pyrid­yl)acrylate (3-PYA) ligands. GdIII ions are bridged by bidentate and tridentate 3-PYA ligands, resulting in a two-dimensional structure

catena-Poly[[aqua­[3-(3-pyrid­yl)acrylato]gadolinium(III)]-bis­[μ-3-(3-pyrid­yl)acrylato]]

In the title compound, [Gd(C8H6NO2)3(H2O)]n, the gadolinium(III) ion is coordinated by eight carboxyl­ate O atoms and one water mol­ecule. The carboxyl­ate ligands bridge pairs of gadolinium(III) ions, forming a zigzag chain along [100]. Hydrogen bonds link the chains into sheets parallel to (001)

Assessment of mental health literacy using a multifaceted measure among a Chinese rural population

Objectives: The present study aims to assess mental health literacy (MHL) using a standardised multifaceted 20-item instrument called Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (MHKQ) developed by the Chinese Ministry of Health, among a rural Chinese population. Setting: Four villages in Liuyang county of Hunan province, China. Participants: This was a cross-sectional study. A multistage cluster-sampling method was adopted, leading to a final sampling frame of 2377 residents aged 18–60 years from four villages of Liuyang county. Included in the study were residents aged 18–60 years living in their village for at least half a year; excluded were those not living in the areas during the research period, those with difficulty in communication due to serious physical or mental illness and those who were cognitively impaired or actively psychotic. Finally, 2052 participants completed the survey. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Primary outcome was correct response rate of the MHKQ; secondary outcome measures were association between sociodemographics and MHL, and association between MHL and health outcomes. Results: Correct response rates for the 20 MHKQ items ranged from 19% to 94%, with a mean rate of 58%. Younger age (r=−0.02, p\u3c0.01), higher education (r: 1.38–2.69, p\u3c0.01) and higher income (r=0.41, p\u3c0.01), were independently associated with higher MHL. MHL was independently associated with self-rated general health (r=2.31, p\u3c0.01), depression (r=−0.09, p\u3c0.01) and anxiety (r=−0.07, p\u3c0.05). Conclusions: MHL in the rural areas of Liuyang is lower than that reported in urban areas of China. There is much room for improvement with regard to MHL promotion in rural areas of China. Younger age, higher education and higher income are the three robust factors related to higher MHL, so cohort-specific educational intervention efforts may be indicated