N′-tert-Butyl-N′-(3,5-dimethyl­benzo­yl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxochroman-6-carbo­hydrazide

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C25H30N2O4, the steric size of the tert-butyl group causes the 3,5-dimethyl­phenyl ring to adopt a transoid geometry with respect to the N—C(O) bond. The six-membered heterocyclic ring is disordered over two sites, with occupancies of 0.553 (4) and 0.447 (4). Intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions are present. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Chinese patients: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Optimal management and outcome of primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) have not been well defined in the rituximab era. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and roles of different treatment modalities in Chinese patients with PGL.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The clinicopathological features of 83 Chinese patients with PGL were retrospectively reviewed. Staging was performed according to the Lugano staging system for gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The predominant pathologic subtype among Chinese patients with PGL in our study was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Among the 57 patients with gastric DLBCL, 20 patients (35.1%) were classified as the germinal center B cell-like (GCB) subtype and 37 patients (64.9%) as the non-GCB subtype. The 83 patients had a five-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of 52% and 59%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that stage-modified international prognostic index (IPI) and performance status (PS) were independent predictors of survival. In the 67 B-cell lymphoma patients who received chemotherapy, 36 patients treated with rituximab (at least 3 cycles) had a mean OS of 72 months (95% CI 62-81) versus 62 months (95% CI 47-76) for patients without rituximab treatment (P = 0.021).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The proportion of Chinese gastric DLBCL cases with non-GCB subtype was higher than the GCB subtype. Stage-modified IPI and PS were effective prognostic factors in Chinese patients with PGL. Our data suggested that primary gastric B-cell lymphoma might have an improved outcome with rituximab in addition to chemotherapy. More studies are necessary, preferentially large prospective randomized clinical trials to obtain more information on the impact of the rituximab in the primary gastric B-cell lymphoma.</p

The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firms’ Innovation in China: The Role of Institutional Support

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) literature in developed countries indicates that there are two types of CSR (i.e., proactive CSR and reactive CSR), and only the proactive one can boost innovation. However, recent studies from emerging economies such as China show that both types of CSR can enhance innovation. Such inconsistent results may be created by, on the one hand, the heterogeneity of innovation types, and on the other hand, the heterogeneity of mechanisms though which CSR impacts innovation in different countries. Accordingly, this paper theoretically explores the impacts of two types of CSR (i.e., proactive CSR and reactive CSR) on two of innovation types (exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation). This paper further reveals the mechanisms through which CSR impacts innovation in China by investigating the moderating role of institutional support (i.e., government support and social support) on the relationship between CSR and innovation. Using a panel dataset (2008&ndash;2016) of 286 Chinese public listed firms from research and development (R&amp;D)-intensive industries (e.g., information technology, pharmaceutical and biological products; and chemicals, etc.), our findings show that: (1) proactive CSR promotes exploratory innovation; (2) reactive CSR promotes exploitative innovation; (3) government support strengthen the relationship between proactive CSR and exploratory innovation as well as the relationship between reactive CSR and exploitative innovation; (4) social support weaken the relationship between proactive CSR and exploratory innovation. This paper enriches our understanding on the relationship between CSR and innovation, and provides implications for practitioners and policymakers

Clarifying the origin of Houzao

Abstract Background Houzao (bezoar) is a valuable imported Chinese medicine that is commonly used as a pediatric medicine to transform phlegm. There are mainly two types of Houzao, “Southeast Asian Houzao” and “Indian Houzao”. “Indian Houzao” is the dominant commercial product accounts for over 95% of the actual utilization in the market. However, its origin, formation, composition, efficacy and pharmacology remain unclear. Therefore, we have conducted on-site investigation to clarify the origin of Indian Houzao. We have dissected one male and one female domestic Indian goats in the pastoral areas of Telangana province in south-central India. Our results show: 1.Indian Houzao originates from Indian goats rather than from macaques; it comes from goats and not sheep, and is not limited to female goats.2.The exact location of the bezoar is in the caecum and not stomach or intestines.3.Acacia seeds serve as the primer to induce the formation of bezoar in the caecum.4.The formation and development of the bezoar are closely related to the special local ecosystem and food chain. These goats eat the shoots of Acacia nilotica, and also other local plants in the families of Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, Combretaceae, etc.5.It takes around 120 days for the bezoar to be fully developed inside the goat. Many goats are slaughtered in the Indian festival Dusserah from October to December.Indian Houzao is the bezoar from the caecum of Indian goats, formed in response to pathological stimulation, and is the dominant commercial form of “Houzao” on the market. It has been used historically. It has natural supply source. Producers can guarantee a sustainable supply of the bezoars for the market. The usage of bezoar as medicine is also acceptable from the perspective of animal protection. Many patients and people in the Chinese medicine field do not know Indian Houzao comes from Indian goats but from other unsustainable animal sources, which has a negative influence on its actual use and scientific research potential. Conclusion Our study has clarified the origin of Indian Houzao, which can help to further develop Indian Houzao for the treatment of diseases

Tissue-specific chemical profiling and quantitative analysis of bioactive components of Cinnamomum cassia by combining laser-microdissection with UPLC-Q/TOF–MS

Abstract Background Cinnamomi Cortex, the dried stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Rougui in Chinese) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, cooking and perfumery for thousands of years. Traditionally, the Cinnamomi Cortex of thick size is considered to be of good quality; however, there is no scientific data to support this point. Considering that essential oils are the main bioactive components, Cinnamomi Cortex of greater variety and amount essential oils is thought to be of better quality. In this study, laser microdissection coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF–MS) was applied to profile the essential oils in different tissues of Cinnamomi Cortex and to determine if there is a correlation between the essential oil content and the stem bark thickness. Results We report the tissue-specific metabolic profiles of different grades of Cinnamomi Cortex. Nineteen chemical components were unequivocally or tentatively identified in the chromatogram of the test samples. The results indicate that the bioactive components, the essential oils, were mainly present in the phloem. Conclusion Phloem thickness is the key character for evaluating the quality of Cinnamomi Cortex. Our results can be of great importance in improving the cultivation, harvesting, and processing of Cinnamomi Cortex, as well as enhancing its effects in clinical applications

Analysis of Spatial–Temporal Characteristics of Industrial Land Supply Scale in Relation to Industrial Structure in China

Taking China’s industrial land transfer data as the data source, this study quantitatively analyzes the transfer structure and spatial distribution of China’s industrial land from 2010 to 2019. By constructing the information entropy and the equilibrium degree model of industrial land-use structure, this study evaluates the transfer characteristics of industrial land of different functional types in various provinces of China, analyzes the scale advantages of various types of transferred industrial land by using the land transfer scale advantage index, and summarizes the spatial distribution characteristics of different types of industrial land transfer in China through the spatial center of gravity analysis and cold/hot spot regional distribution mapping. The following results were obtained. (1) There are significant differences in the transfer scale of industrial land among provinces in China. The transfer scale of Eastern and Central China is large, whereas that of Western China is small. (2) From the perspective of land-use structure, the transfer scale of industrial land in the central and western regions is more balanced than that in the east. (3) From the gravity center distribution of the standard deviation ellipse, the land transfer direction of the energy industry, and the mining industry, and other types of industries is more significant than that of the culture and sports hygiene industries, modern manufacturing industry, and high-tech industry. (4) From the analysis of cold and hot spots, the mining industry, the energy industry, and other types of industries in the western region with rich mineral resources are the hot spots of industrial land transfer, and the southeast coast is the cold spot; the eastern coastal area is a hot area for land transfer of modern manufacturing, the high-tech industry, and the culture and sports hygiene industries. The results reveal the regional differences and spatial distribution characteristics of industrial transfer in China and provide a reference for authorities to formulate industrial planning and industrial land collection, storage, and transfer plans

MOESM1 of Tissue-specific chemical profiling and quantitative analysis of bioactive components of Cinnamomum cassia by combining laser-microdissection with UPLC-Q/TOF–MS

Additional file 1: Table s1. Contents of essential oils in various tissues of the samples

Exploitation mode oriented heavy oil-oil sand recoverable reserves calculation methods

Based on special exploitation mode of heavy oil-oil sand, this paper established a recoverable reserves calculation method for heavy oil-oil sand. First, calculate recoverable reserves of single exploitation mode according to oil layer selection criterion including four parameters of buried depth, single layer thickness, porosity and oil saturation for different exploitation models. Second, calculate recoverable reserves for different exploitation model combination and the max recoverable reserves of the block; Last, set up heavy oil-oil sand recoverable reserves database. The method has great correlation with PRMS reserves evaluation system. The method has been used in the heavy oil classification evaluation for larger M of the J block in Venezuela heavy oil belt, the recoverable reserves are 4.06×108 t, 15.23×108 t and 7.40×108 t respectively by cold production, steam drive and steam-assisted gravity drainage, and the max recoverable reserves are 15.97×108 t, which provides reserves basement for block development. Key words: heavy oil, oil sand, reserves classification, exploitation mode, recoverable reserve

Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling/Oxidative Cycloaddition: Synthesis of 4‑Acyl-1,2,3-Triazoles

A copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of methyl ketones, organic azides, and various one-carbon (C1) donors was developed that provides 4-acyl-1,2,3-triazoles in moderate to good yields. While DMF, DMA, TMEDA, or DMSO can serve as the C1 donor, best yields were obtained using DMF. The transformation is proposed to proceed via an oxidative C–H/C–H cross-dehydrogenative coupling followed by an oxidative 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 by FCPR16 protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+-induced decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a promising target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been well elucidated. Additionally, most of current PDE4 inhibitors produce severe nausea and vomiting response in patients, which limit their clinical application. FCPR16 is a novel PDE4 inhibitor with little emetic potential. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of FCPR16 against cellular apoptosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) were examined in SH-SY5Y cells. FCPR16 (12.5–50 μM) dose-dependently reduced MPP+-induced loss of cell viability, accompanied by reductions in nuclear condensation and lactate dehydrogenase release. The level of cleaved caspase 3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were also decreased after treatment with FCPR16 in MPP+-treated cells. Furthermore, FCPR16 (25 μM) significantly suppressed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevented the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and attenuated the expression of malonaldehyde level. Further studies disclosed that FCPR16 enhanced the levels of cAMP and the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) in SH-SY5Y cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that FCPR16 increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and protein kinase B (Akt) down-regulated by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of FCPR16 on the production of ROS and Δψm loss could be blocked by PKA inhibitor H-89 and Akt inhibitor KRX-0401. Collectively, these results suggest that FCPR16 attenuates MPP+-induced dopaminergic degeneration via lowering ROS and preventing the loss of Δψm in SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, cAMP/PKA/CREB and Epac/Akt signaling pathways are involved in these processes. Our findings indicate that FCPR16 is a promising pre-clinical candidate for the treatment of PD and possibly other oxidative stress-related neuronal diseases. Keywords: Phosphodiesterase 4, FCPR16, Oxidative stress, Mitochondrial membrane potential, Parkinson's diseas