Oxidative C(sp²)–H Phosphonation of Aldehyde Hydrazones

A K₂S₂O₈/Cu­(OAc)₂-mediated oxidative C–H/P–H cross-coupling of aldehyde hydrazones with diphenylphosphine oxide for the direct preparation of functionalized α-iminophosphine oxides is reported. The reaction shows good functional group tolerance and proceeds smoothly under mild conditions. This strategic protocol for C–P bond formation is facilitated by a net oxidative aminyl radical–polar crossover process

Metal-Free Radical Oxidative Cyclization of <i>o</i>‑Azidoaryl Acetylenic Ketones with Sulfinic Acids To Access Sulfone-Containing 4‑Quinolones

A novel one-pot synthesis of sulfone-containing 4-quinolones with easily available sulfinic acids as sulfonylating precursors is described. This reaction is characterized by mild reaction conditions, high functional-group tolerance and amenability to gram-scale synthesis

E-cadherin protein expression levels determined by western blot.

<p>The relative fold changes of E-cadherin in the SO, CPB, MHCA and DHCA groups were 1.000 ± 0.090, 0.998 ± 0.103, 0.971 ± 0.121 and 0.886 ± 0.071, respectively. Mean ± SD; n = 5.</p

Serum D-lactate levels at 180 min of reperfusion.

<p>SO, sham operation group; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass group; DHCA, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group; MHCA, moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest group. Mean±SD. n = 5. *P < 0.001 DHCA vs. CPB (t = 7.330 at 60 min of reperfusion and t = 15.32 at 180 min of reperfusion); # P < 0.001 MHCA vs. CPB (t = 6.898 at 60 min of reperfusion and t = 9.415 at 180 min of reperfusion); and ^ P < 0.05 DHCA vs. MHCA (t = 5.515 at 180 min of reperfusion).</p

Moderate Hypothermia Provides Better Protection of the Intestinal Barrier than Deep Hypothermia during Circulatory Arrest in a Piglet Model: A Microdialysis Study

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>This study aimed to assess the effects of different temperature settings of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) on intestinal barrier function in a piglet model.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Twenty Wuzhishan piglets were randomly assigned to 40 min of HCA at 18°C (DHCA group, n = 5), 40 min of HCA at 24°C (MHCA group, n = 5), normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB group, n = 5) or sham operation (SO group, n = 5). Serum D-lactate (SDL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were determined. Microdialysis parameters (glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol) in the intestinal dialysate were measured. After 180 min of reperfusion, intestinal samples were harvested for real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting measurements for E-cadherin and Claudin-1.</p><p>Results</p><p>Higher levels of SDL and LPS were detected in the DHCA group than in the MHCA group (P < 0.001). Both MHCA and DHCA groups exhibited lower glucose levels, higher lactate and glycerol levels and a higher lactate to pyruvate (L/P) ratio compared with the CPB group (p<0.05); the DHCA group had higher lactate and glycerol levels and a higher L/P ratio (p<0.05) but similar glucose levels compared to the MHCA group. No significant differences in E-cadherin mRNA or protein levels were noted. Upregulation of claudin-1 mRNA levels was detected in both the DHCA and MHCA animals’ intestines (P < 0.01), but only the DHCA group exhibited a decrease in claudin-1 protein expression (P < 0.01).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>HCA altered the energy metabolism and expression of epithelial junctions in the intestine. Moderate hypothermia (24°C) was less detrimental to the markers of normal functioning of the intestinal barrier than deep hypothermia (18°C).</p></div

DataSheet1_Low temperature ensures FeS2 cathode a superior cycling stability in Li7P3S11-based all-solid-state lithium batteries.docx

All-solid-state lithium sulfide batteries exhibit great potential as next-generation energy storage devices due to their low cost and high energy density. However, the poor conductivity of the solid electrolytes and the low electronic conductivity of sulfur limit their development. In this work, the highly conductive Li7P3S11 glass-ceramic solid electrolyte with room temperature conductivity of 1.27 mS cm−1 is synthesized and combined with the FeS2 cathode and Li-In anode to fabricate FeS2/Li7P3S11/Li-In all-solid-state Li-S battery. The assembled battery delivers high initial discharge capacities of 620.8, 866.4 mAh g−1, and 364.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1C under room temperature, 60°C and 0°C, respectively. It shows a discharge capacity of 284.8 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 52.4% after 80 cycles at room temperature. When the operating temperature rises to 60°C, this battery suffers a fast decay of capacity in 40 cycles. However, this battery sustains a high discharge capacity of 256.6 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 87.9% after 100 cycles under 0°C, smaller volume expansion of ASSBs at 0°C keep the solid/solid contact between the electrolyte particles, thus resulting in better electrochemical performances. EIS and in situ pressure characterizations further verify that the differences of electrochemical performances are associated with the volume variations caused by the temperature effects. This work provides a guideline for designing all-solid-state Li-S which is workable in a wide temperature range.</p

Experimental protocol.

<p>CA40, circulatory arrest for 40 min; RP30, reperfusion for 30 min; RP60, reperfusion for 60 min; RP 90, reperfusion for 90 min; RP 120, reperfusion for 120 min; RP 150, reperfusion for 150 min; and RP 180, reperfusion for 180 min.</p

Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the intestinal tissue.

<p>The mucosal villi and glands were normal in the intestinal epithelia of the SO and CPB groups. Marked edema of the mucosal villi, increased gaps between the epithelial cells and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the MHCA and DHCA groups. Magnification: 100 folds; the scale bars indicate 100 μm.</p

Claudin-1 protein expression levels determined by western blot.

<p>The relative folds changes of Claudin-1 in the SO, CPB, MHCA and DHCA groups were 1.000 ± 0.130, 0.992 ± 0.069, 0.956 ± 0.062 and 0.784 ± 0.054, respectively. Mean ± SD; n = 5. **P < 0.05 DHCA vs. CPB; ^ P < 0.05 DHCA vs. MHCA.</p

Chiu’s scores based on the intestinal hematoxylin-eosin staining (mean ± sd).

<p>Chiu’s scores based on the intestinal hematoxylin-eosin staining (mean ± sd).</p