A Carbohydrate-Based Approach for the Total Synthesis of (−)-Dinemasone B, (+)-4a-<i>epi</i>-Dinemasone B, (−)-7-<i>epi</i>-Dinemasone B, and (+)-4a,7-Di-<i>epi</i>-dinemasone B

(−)-Dinemasone B was isolated by Krohn and co-workers from a culture of the endophytic fungus <i>Dinemasporium strigosum</i> and has shown promising antimicrobial activity. Described herein is the first total synthesis of (−)-dinemasone B, (+)-4a-<i>epi</i>-dinemasone B, (−)-7-<i>epi</i>-dinemasone B, and (+)-4a,7-di-<i>epi</i>-dinemasone B. Their absolute configurations were also determined. The developed synthesis features a stereoselective reduction of <i>C</i>-glycosidic ketone, lactonization, and <i>E</i>-olefination of aldehyde starting from d-glucose

Effect of <i>ALDH1A1</i> on the Notch/CDK2/CCNE pathway.

<p>The expression levels of these genes in A549s were set at 1, and the relative expression levels in the other cells are expressed by their ratio to that in A549s cells.</p

Metal-Free, Organocatalytic <i>Syn</i> Diacetoxylation of Alkenes

A novel method for the organocatalytic <i>syn</i> diacetoxylation of alkenes has been developed using aryl iodides as efficient catalysts. A broad range of substrates, including electron-rich as well as electron-deficient alkenes, are smoothly transformed by the new procedure, furnishing the desired products in good to excellent yields with high diastereoselectivity (up to >19:1 dr)

The isolation and identification of A549s.

<p><b>A</b> A549 cells seen under light microscopy. <b>B</b> A549s cells seen under light microscopy (Scale bar = 50 μm). <b>C</b> Expressions of CD133 and CD326 in A549 cells. <b>D</b> Expressions of CD133 and CD326 in A549s cells (>80%).</p

Clonogenicity and cell cycle evaluation.

<p><b>A</b> Clonogenicity of A549s cells. <b>B</b> Clonogenicity of A549s cells treated with <i>ALDH1A1</i> siRNA (A549s+ALDH1A1siRNA). <b>C</b> Clonogenicity contrast study. <b>D</b> Cell cycle in A549 cells. <b>E</b> Cell cycle in A549+ALDH1A1 cells. <b>F</b> Cell cycle in A549s cells. <b>G</b> Cell cycle in A549s treated with <i>ALDH1A1</i> siRNA (A549s+ALDH1A1siRNA) <b>H</b> Cells in G1 phase Scale bar = 100 μm in A and B.</p

K⁺ concentration changes in each group during storage.

<p>#: <i>P</i><0.05 and *: <i>P</i><0.01 compared with untreated group.</p

Change in MCV over time during storage at 4°C.

<p>Change in MCV over time during storage at 4°C.</p

Changes in RBC morphology during storage.

<p>Untreated group, leucocyte filtration group, Irradiation group, Irradiation and filtration group after storaged 1 day and 35 days were observed (white arrow indicated deformation and lesion RBC). Images were taken under Zeiss 510 META confocal laser scanning microscopy (original magnification ×1000, scale bar  = 10 µm).</p

pH changes in each group during storage.

<p>#: <i>P</i><0.05 and *: <i>P</i><0.01 compared with untreated group. WBC, white blood cell.</p