A new model for the double well potential

A new model for the double well potential is presented in the paper. In the new potential, the exchanging rate could be easily calculated by the perturbation method in supersymmetric quantum mechanics. It gives good results whether the barrier is high or sallow. The new model have many merits and may be used in the double well problem.Comment: 3pages, 3figure

From chemical Langevin equations to Fokker-Planck equation: application of Hodge decomposition and Klein-Kramers equation

The stochastic systems without detailed balance are common in various chemical reaction systems, such as metabolic network systems. In studies of these systems, the concept of potential landscape is useful. However, what are the sufficient and necessary conditions of the existence of the potential function is still an open problem. Use Hodge decomposition theorem in differential form theory, we focus on the general chemical Langevin equations, which reflect complex chemical reaction systems. We analysis the conditions for the existence of potential landscape of the systems. By mapping the stochastic differential equations to a Hamiltonian mechanical system, we obtain the Fokker-Planck equation of the chemical reaction systems. The obtained Fokker-Planck equation can be used in further studies of other steady properties of complex chemical reaction systems, such as their steady state entropies.Comment: 6 pages, 0 figure, submitted to J. Phys. A: Math. Theo

The influence of the hot wire temperature on the crystallization of μc-Si:H films prepared by hot wire-assisted-ECR-CVD

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科電子物性デバイス金沢大学工学部We have constructed a hot-wire-assisted ECR-CVD system to prepare a-Si:H and μc-Si:H films. The effect of hot wire (HW) temperature on crystallization of a-Si:H films is studied in the films prepared by this system. At low HW temperature, about 20 at.% hydrogen is included in the film. With increasing the HW temperature, the contents of the total hydrogen, SiH2 and SiH decrease, and the microcrystalline phase appears. It is found from the area of the TO peak of the Raman scattering spectra that the volume fraction of the crystalline phase increases with increasing the HW temperature. The crystalline peak has a tendency to shift toward the higher wavenumber with increasing the HW temperature, suggesting that the grain size increases with increasing the HW temperature. © 2006 Materials Research Society

Bioconversion of apple pomace into a multienzyme bio-feed by two mixed strains of Aspergillus niger M2 in solid state fermentation

Apple pomace is a wasted resource produced in large quantities and its deposit has caused serious environmental problems, so it is significance to make the full utilization of the residues. The objectives of this work were to produce multienzyme bio-feed, biodegrade the anti-nutritional factors such as pectin and tannins in apple pomace, and obtain the nutritional enrichment of the fermented substrate. The mixture of apple pomace and cottonseed powder (1:1, w/w), supplemented with 1% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 and 0.1% (w/w) KH2PO4, was proved to be the optimum medium for the mixed strains of Aspergillus niger M2 and M3 (2:1, w/w). The activities of pectinase, proteinase and cellulase achieved 21168 u/g, 3585 u/g and 1208u/g, and the biodegradation rates of pectin and tannins reached 99.0% and 66.1%, respectively, when 0.4%(w/w) of the test fungiwere inoculated and incubated at 30\ubaC for 48 hrs in solid state fermentation. The utilization of apple pomace in the paper can be served as a model for the similar waste recycling

Effects of Multi-Surface Modification on Curie temperature of ferroelectric films

Within the framework of mean field theory, we study the effects of multi-surface modification on Curie temperature of ferroelectric films using the transverse Ising model. The general nonlinear equations for Curie temperature of multi-surface ferroelectric films with arbitrary exchange constants and transverse fields are derived by the transfer matrix method. As an example, we consider a film consisting of top surface layers, bulk layers and bottom surface layers. Two types of surface modifications, modifications of a surface exchange constant and a surface transverse field are taken into account. The dependence of Curie temperature on the surface layer numbers, bulk layer numbers, surface exchange constants, surface transverse fields and bulk transverse fields is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Quantum Theory Approach for Neutron Single and Double-Slit Diffraction

We provide a quantum approach description of neutron single and double-slit diffraction, with specific attention to the cold neutron diffraction ($\lambda \approx 20$\AA) carried out by Zeilinger et al. in 1988. We find the theoretical results are good agreement with experimental data.Comment: 10 page

Acute rejection is associated with antibodies to non-Gal antigens in baboons using Gal-knockout pig kidneys

We transplanted kidneys from α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GalT-KO) pigs into six baboons using two different immunosuppressive regimens, but most of the baboons died from severe acute humoral xenograft rejection. Circulating induced antibodies to non-Gal antigens were markedly elevated at rejection, which mediated strong complement-dependent cytotoxicity against GalT-KO porcine target cells. These data suggest that antibodies to non-Gal antigens will present an additional barrier to transplantation of organs from GalT-KO pigs to humans. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group