Determination of Dark Matter Halo Mass from Dynamics of Satellite Galaxies

We show that the mass of a dark matter halo can be inferred from the dynamical status of its satellite galaxies. Using 9 dark-matter simulations of halos like the Milky Way (MW), we find that the present-day substructures in each halo follow a characteristic distribution in the phase space of orbital binding energy and angular momentum, and that this distribution is similar from halo to halo but has an intrinsic dependence on the halo formation history. We construct this distribution directly from the simulations for a specific halo and extend the result to halos of similar formation history but different masses by scaling. The mass of an observed halo can then be estimated by maximizing the likelihood in comparing the measured kinematic parameters of its satellite galaxies with these distributions. We test the validity and accuracy of this method with mock samples taken from the simulations. Using the positions, radial velocities, and proper motions of 9 tracers and assuming observational uncertainties comparable to those of MW satellite galaxies, we find that the halo mass can be recovered to within $\sim$40%. The accuracy can be improved to within $\sim$25% if 30 tracers are used. However, the dependence of the phase-space distribution on the halo formation history sets a minimum uncertainty of $\sim$20% that cannot be reduced by using more tracers. We believe that this minimum uncertainty also applies to any mass determination for a halo when the phase space information of other kinematic tracers is used.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 18 pages, 13 figure

Primary studies of Chinese spaceborne SAR

The primary studies on spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in China are discussed. The SAR will be launched aboard a Chinese satellite and operated at L-band with HH polarization. The purpose of the mission in consideration is dedicated to resources and environment uses, especially to natural disaster monitoring. The ground resolution is designed as 25 m x 25 m for detailed mode and 100 m x 100 m for wide scan-SAR mode. The off-nadir angle can be varied from 20 to 40 deg. The key system concepts are introduced

The Effects of a Non-Ferroelectric Slab on the Polarization and the Susceptibility of the Ferroelectric Multilayer

The polarization and the susceptibility of a ferroelectric multilayer with a non-ferroelectric slab are investigated within the framework of transverse Ising model with a four-spin interaction term. The effect of the thickness and the position of the non-ferroelectric slab are investigated in this paper. We find that the increase of the thickness of the non-ferroelectric will decrease the polarization and the susceptibility of the film. If the position of the non-ferroelcetric slab shifts from the center of the film to the surface, the number of the peaks of the susceptibility will change. And a step-like polarization curve is found.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

ApoG2, a novel inhibitor of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor in South China. It has been reported that overexpression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in NPC has caused the lack of long-term efficacy of conventional therapies. Apogossypolone (ApoG2), a novel small-molecule inhibitor of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, has been discovered as the optimized derivative of gossypol. In this study, we found that in NPC cells, ApoG2 totally blocked the antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2 family proteins without affecting the expression levels of these proteins. ApoG2 selectively inhibited proliferation of 3 NPC cell lines (C666-1, CNE-1 and CNE-2) that highly expressed the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. This inhibitory activity was associated with release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and apoptosis of sensitive NPC cells. However, ApoG2 had no obvious inhibitory effect on NPC cell line HONE-1, which expressed antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL at a low level. We further found that ApoG2 effectively suppressed tumor growth of NPC xenografts in nude mice and enhanced the antitumor effect of CDDP (cisplatin) on NPC cells in vitro and in vivo . Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of CD31 decreased after ApoG2 treatment, which suggested inhibition of angiogenesis in NPC xenografts. Our findings strongly suggest that ApoG2 may serve as a novel inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins and, by targeting these proteins, may become a promising drug for the treatment of NPC. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60986/1/23752_ftp.pd

Extension adaptive design model of scheme design for complex mechanical products

Budući da je projektni nacrt konfiguracije proizvodne strukture složenog mehanizma kompliciran i kreativan proces mnogostrukih hijerarhija i atributa, proučavamo način projektiranja proširenja za prilagodljivi projekt velikog složenog proizvoda i predlažemo izvedbeni model koji uključuje poznavanje raznovrsnog projektiranja u postupku projektiranja proizvoda. Kombinacijom spoznaja iz literature i s tim povezanim ograničenjima u projektiranju, postavljen je model projekta prilagodljivog proširenju. Svrha projekta prilagodljivog proširenju je pokazati kompatibilnost uvjeta i ciljeva u postupku prilagodljivog projektiranja. Uspostavljanjem idealnih pozitivnih i negativnih domena, on postiže težinsku superiornost proširenja sheme odlučivanja. U radu se predlaže metoda optimizacije proširenja prilagodljivog projekta za složene mehaničke proizvode. Zatim se postavlja i predlaže okvir modela projektiranja proširenja za složene mehaničke proizvode. Na kraju se analizira projekt proizvoda velike hidraulične turbine kako bi se provjerila valjanost i operabilnost modela.Due to the complicated, multi-hierarchy, multi-attribute and creative process of product structure configuration of complex mechanism scheme design, we study the extension design mode for adaptive design of a large complex product and propose an expression model of multi-type design knowledge in the process of product design. Combined with the field of knowledge and the related design constraints, the adaptive design of extension model is established. The objective function of extension adaptive design is to present the compatibility of the conditions and objectives in the process of adaptive design. Through establishing the ideal positive and negative domains, it acquires the weighted extension superiority of decision scheme. This paper puts forward the extension optimization method of adaptive design for complex mechanical products. Then, it establishes and proposes a framework of extension design model for complex mechanical products. Finally, it analyses the design of large hydraulic turbine products to verify the validity and operability of the model

Extension adaptive design model of scheme design for complex mechanical products

Budući da je projektni nacrt konfiguracije proizvodne strukture složenog mehanizma kompliciran i kreativan proces mnogostrukih hijerarhija i atributa, proučavamo način projektiranja proširenja za prilagodljivi projekt velikog složenog proizvoda i predlažemo izvedbeni model koji uključuje poznavanje raznovrsnog projektiranja u postupku projektiranja proizvoda. Kombinacijom spoznaja iz literature i s tim povezanim ograničenjima u projektiranju, postavljen je model projekta prilagodljivog proširenju. Svrha projekta prilagodljivog proširenju je pokazati kompatibilnost uvjeta i ciljeva u postupku prilagodljivog projektiranja. Uspostavljanjem idealnih pozitivnih i negativnih domena, on postiže težinsku superiornost proširenja sheme odlučivanja. U radu se predlaže metoda optimizacije proširenja prilagodljivog projekta za složene mehaničke proizvode. Zatim se postavlja i predlaže okvir modela projektiranja proširenja za složene mehaničke proizvode. Na kraju se analizira projekt proizvoda velike hidraulične turbine kako bi se provjerila valjanost i operabilnost modela.Due to the complicated, multi-hierarchy, multi-attribute and creative process of product structure configuration of complex mechanism scheme design, we study the extension design mode for adaptive design of a large complex product and propose an expression model of multi-type design knowledge in the process of product design. Combined with the field of knowledge and the related design constraints, the adaptive design of extension model is established. The objective function of extension adaptive design is to present the compatibility of the conditions and objectives in the process of adaptive design. Through establishing the ideal positive and negative domains, it acquires the weighted extension superiority of decision scheme. This paper puts forward the extension optimization method of adaptive design for complex mechanical products. Then, it establishes and proposes a framework of extension design model for complex mechanical products. Finally, it analyses the design of large hydraulic turbine products to verify the validity and operability of the model