1 research outputs found
ΠΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ
The article contains generalized literary data on the results of genome research based on molecular genetic methods in connection with the productive qualities of cattle that can be used to accelerate and improve breeding work. The study of the human genome has given impetus to the development of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacogenetics. Similarly, new research on the genome of cattle gives qualitatively different possibilities for using these data in the selection and production of agricultural products, as well as in controlling its quality. Molecular genetic markers inform about the polymorphism of genes and allow to detect individual genes and gene complexes that carry information about a certain feature. Based on such studies, gene pool can be formed with a certain combination. An alternative way of molecular-genetic marking of performance is to study the polymorphism of structural genes, allelic variants which are directly related to the desired phenotypic manifestation, namely: kappa-casein (CSN3), veta-lactaglobulin (BLG), somatotropin (GH), and myostatin (MSTN). Modern breeding work with cattle is associated with the establishment of a connection between the polygenic signs of productivity and the Β«mainΒ» genes of quantitative traits, the polymorphism of which affects the final output of the protein product. As candidate genes that affect lactation productivity in cattle, first of all the genes of milk proteins, in particular kappa-casein, are examined. The gene for the somatotropic hormone (GH), a growth hormone in cattle, is a polypeptide consisting of 191 amino acids and is encoded by a single gene, which is localized in 19 chromosomes. Growth hormone plays a key role in stimulating the synthesis of protein, cell division, and body growth. Myostatin β one of the regulators of skeletal muscle development is the myostatin gene, which refers to a family of transforming growth factors. The gene of myostatin in the Bovine species is localized in chromosome 2 and carries the muscle hypertrophy locus, there is also a homologous fragment of human chromosome 2, where the locus of this gene is limited. The presence of the gene of myostatin, as one of the locus of quantitative traits of beef, can be used as a marker for genetic mapping. After discovering mutations in the gene of the myostatin, they came to the conclusion, that it is not the only gene that controls the growth and muscle mass of animals. Molecular genetic markers allow you to receive information about the polymorphism of genes and to identify individual genes and gene Β«ensemblesΒ» that carry the desired complex of features.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Ρ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ
Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ² ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈ Π· ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ², Π°Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Π· Π±Π°ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅: ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°-ΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ (CSN3), Π²Π΅ΡΠ°-Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ (BLG), ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ½ (GH) ΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ (MSTN). Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π· Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ· Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΉ Β«Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΒ» Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ. Π―ΠΊ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈ-ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°-ΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½. ΠΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ (GH) β Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π· 191 Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ 19 Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ³ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π· ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Bovine Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ 2 Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΌβΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Ρ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΈ 2, Π΄Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π· Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠ² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ ΠΌβΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π² Π³Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΉΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΌβΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ·ΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ² Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Β«Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΡΒ», ΡΠΊΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ