ADL/IADL items in CHARLS.

It is important to measure the prevalence and onset of limitations for older adults to take critical day-to-day activities in the population. However, too often, only very older people are covered, and too few activities are included in the studies. Using a nationally representative sample from 2011 to 2018 (N = 16, 381), this study characterizes the limitation pattern covering ADL and IADL activities among middle-aged and older adults in China. We use survival models to characterize the limitation transition. We find that half of the population become limited in activities including housekeeping, toileting, managing money, and cooking in their early 70s, followed by shopping, bathing, transferring and dressing in their late 70s, continence, and taking medications in their early 80s, and feeding in their early 90s. In addition, women show significantly younger age of limitation onsets for all activities except continence.</div

Median age in years of onset of limitations in ADL/IADL items.

Median age in years of onset of limitations in ADL/IADL items.</p

S1 Appendix - Onset of ADL and IADL limitation among Chinese middle-aged and older adults

S1 Appendix - Onset of ADL and IADL limitation among Chinese middle-aged and older adults</p

Cox regression of ADL/IADL activity limitation on health condition and contextual factors.

Cox regression of ADL/IADL activity limitation on health condition and contextual factors.</p

Study sample.

It is important to measure the prevalence and onset of limitations for older adults to take critical day-to-day activities in the population. However, too often, only very older people are covered, and too few activities are included in the studies. Using a nationally representative sample from 2011 to 2018 (N = 16, 381), this study characterizes the limitation pattern covering ADL and IADL activities among middle-aged and older adults in China. We use survival models to characterize the limitation transition. We find that half of the population become limited in activities including housekeeping, toileting, managing money, and cooking in their early 70s, followed by shopping, bathing, transferring and dressing in their late 70s, continence, and taking medications in their early 80s, and feeding in their early 90s. In addition, women show significantly younger age of limitation onsets for all activities except continence.</div

Descriptive statistics of the study sample.

It is important to measure the prevalence and onset of limitations for older adults to take critical day-to-day activities in the population. However, too often, only very older people are covered, and too few activities are included in the studies. Using a nationally representative sample from 2011 to 2018 (N = 16, 381), this study characterizes the limitation pattern covering ADL and IADL activities among middle-aged and older adults in China. We use survival models to characterize the limitation transition. We find that half of the population become limited in activities including housekeeping, toileting, managing money, and cooking in their early 70s, followed by shopping, bathing, transferring and dressing in their late 70s, continence, and taking medications in their early 80s, and feeding in their early 90s. In addition, women show significantly younger age of limitation onsets for all activities except continence.</div

Median age in years of onset of limitations in ADL items for those aged 75 and older.

Median age in years of onset of limitations in ADL items for those aged 75 and older.</p

S1 Dataset - Onset of ADL and IADL limitation among Chinese middle-aged and older adults

S1 Dataset - Onset of ADL and IADL limitation among Chinese middle-aged and older adults</p

Age distribution of limitations in activities of daily living.

Limitation in one activity of daily living is defined as report of difficulty or inability to perform such an activity, while no limitation is defined as report of no difficulty in performing such an activity. Probability curves are estimated using Kaplan Meier method. The origin time of analysis is set to be 45 years old, observations older than 110 years old are right-censored. Population sampling weights are applied.</p

HPLC determination of domoic acid in shellfish based on magnetic molecularly imprinting polymers

<p>A magnetic molecularly imprinting polymer for domoic acid was fabricated. Synthesis conditions were optimized. The polymer particles have high magnetization for rapid magnetic separation. The apparent maximum absorption amount and dissociation constant of the polymer were 1,600 µg g⁻¹ and 20.6 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. The polymer retained 90% of adsorption amount after 5 times of repeated use. It was used as an adsorbent for purification and HPLC detection of domoic acid in shellfish with a detection limit of 0.050 µg g⁻¹. Thus, the polymer could be applied to the sample pretreatment of aquatic products.</p