リュツォ・ホルム湾，プリンスオラフ海岸，及び，エンダビーランド地質調査隊報告2016-2017（JARE-58）

第58次日本南極地域観測隊（JARE-58）では，2016−2017の夏期期間にリュツォ・ホルム湾，プリンスオラフ海岸，及び，エンダビーランドにおいて地質調査をおこなった．調査隊のメンバーは，日本人地質研究者4名とアジア地域（タイ，インドネシア，モンゴル）の交換科学者3名で構成され，本吉隊長が一部期間の調査に加わった．第58次夏期観測では，「しらせ」搭載の2機の大型ヘリコプター（CH101）とともに観測隊チャーターの小型ヘリコプター（AS350）1機による野外調査の支援がなされた．本稿では，観測計画を実施するための，主に設営面での計画，準備，そして行動経過について報告する．The 58th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-58) conducted geological field surveys in the regions of Lützow-Holm Bay, Prince Olav Coast, and Enderby Land during the 2016−2017 austral summer season. The field party consisted of four Japanese geologists and three Asian geologists (Thai, Indonesian, Mongolian), and was joined periodically by JARE-58 expedition leader, Prof. Motoyoshi. Field parties were supported throughout the summer season by a smaller secondary helicopter (AS350) in addition to two main helicopters (CH101) stationed on the icebreaker Shirase. This report summarizes field preparations and the geological work undertaken, and highlights several key points for future planning and research

Flux contour of carvone in four coronal sections at OE.

<p>These sections were taken at the following distances from the nostril: (A) 14 mm, (B) 18 mm, (C) 22 mm and (D) 26 mm. The unit is kg/m²*s. Flow rate was 512 mL/min. Deposition amounts higher than the maximum value of the color map are represented by the most extreme red in the color spectrum. (N) NCMn; (W) NCMw.</p

Odorant deposition amount on the nasal cavity wall.

<p>NCMn: nasal cavity model with narrow airway; NCMw: nasal cavity model with wide airway. The unit of the deposition amount is kg/s (×10⁻⁷).</p

The reconstructed 3D rat nasal model and three marked parts with grids.

<p>(A) Sagittal view of the reconstructed 3D model of the left side rat nasal cavity with the global grids. The anterior is external naris, the posterior is nasopharynx and the post-dorsal part is the OE. (B) Grid of a post-dorsal region located at the area surrounded by the rectangle shown in A. (C) A coronal surface grid located at the black stripe region of B. (D) Three parts of the rat nasal model. Blue = squamous epithelium; Red = respiratory epithelium; Yellow = OE.</p

Flux contour of three odorants on the septum of the OE.

<p>The unit is kg/m²*s. Flow rate is 512 mL/min. Deposition amounts higher than the maximum value of the color map are represented by the most extreme red color in the spectrum. (N) NCMn; (W) NCMw.</p

A diagram of the mass transfer boundary condition at the air-mucus interface [35].

<p>A diagram of the mass transfer boundary condition at the air-mucus interface <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0077570#pone.0077570-Keyhani2" target="_blank">[35]</a>.</p

Average velocity and pressure drop throughout NCMn according to different mesh resolutions.

<p>Average velocity and pressure drop throughout NCMn according to different mesh resolutions.</p

Percentage of volumetric flow distribution in the “dorsal” part and OE.

<p>NCMn: nasal cavity model with narrow airway; NCMw: nasal cavity model with wide airway; “dorsal” part: the dorsal part marked in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0077570#pone-0077570-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1C</a>; OE: olfactory epithelium in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0077570#pone-0077570-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2D</a>.</p

Average velocity and the percentage difference between the two models.

<p>(A) Whole: percentage differences of average velocity in the whole model; OE: percentage differences of average velocity in the OE region. (B) W, whole: average velocity in the whole NCMw; N, whole: average velocity in the whole NCMn; W, OE: average velocity in the OE region of NCMw; N, OE: average velocity in the OE region of NCMn.</p

Rat nasal coronal image.

<p>(A) MRI. (B) Tissue section image. (C) Segmented left nasal airway binary image; the black area is airway. N: airway from MRI; W: artificially-widening airways of the MRI images by referencing the section images.</p