Correlation between <i>HspB5</i> and clinicopathological characteristics in 70 CRC patients.

<p>Correlation between <i>HspB5</i> and clinicopathological characteristics in 70 CRC patients.</p

qRT-PCR confirmations of 3 differentially expressed genes among 70 CRC patients.

<p>qRT-PCR confirmations of 3 differentially expressed genes among 70 CRC patients.</p

<i>HspB5</i> promotes cell proliferation, invasion and colon formation.

<p>A:Transwell Matrigel invasion assays. The number of invasive cells in the <i>HspB5</i> siRNA-treated group decreased obviously compared with those in the control group.B: In colony forming assay, cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by <i>HspB5</i> siRNA and ERK inhibitor (N = 3). Lovo cells vs.<i>HspB5</i> siRNA(5.0±0.5%vs. 4.3±0.3%). C: CCK-8 assay. The cell proliferation was significantly suppressed 48 hours after <i>HspB5</i> siRNA transfection. <i>HspB5</i> over-expression could prompt tumor cell proliferation in CRC.</p

qRT-PCR using the following primers.

<p>qRT-PCR using the following primers.</p

Gene microarray results for differentially expressed tumor genes in CRC patients.

<p>Gene microarray results for differentially expressed tumor genes in CRC patients.</p

<i>HspB5</i> over-expression in Lovo cells and treated by siRNA.

<p>A: Western blot. There has been a significant increase in <i>HspB5</i> expression in Lovo cells, but not in HCT117 and SW480. B: Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis in Lovo cells treated by siRNA for 6 h. There was a significant decrease in <i>HspB5</i> expression in the <i>HspB5</i> siRNA-treated group. The control siRNA group failed to reveal any differences in <i>HspB5</i> expression before and after <i>HspB5</i> siRNA interference.</p

<i>HspB5</i> promotes the EMT process via the ERK signaling pathway.

<p>A: Western blot analysis. There has been a significant decrease inMMP7, and an obvious increase in E-cadherin in Lovo cells treated by an inhibitor of ERK. An obvious down-regulation of ERK treated by siRNA-<i>HspB5</i>was found. B: In colony forming assays, cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by an ERK inhibitor (N = 3). Lovo cells vs. ERK inhibitor(5.0±0.5%vs. 3.2±0.3%). C: Transwell Matrigel invasion assays. The number of invasive cells was obviously inhibited in the ERK-treated group compared to the control group. D: CCK-8 assay using a pathway inhibitor. Cell proliferation was significantly suppressed through an inhibitor of the ERK pathway.</p

<i>HspB5</i> over-expression correlated with CRC patients.

<p>A:Hierarchical clustering of gene expression in CRC patients (N = 6). Red and green indicated high and low relative level, respectively. B: A comparison between qRT-PCR (N = 70) and gene microarray assay (N = 6) in CRC patients. The groups were divided into two groups, colonic tumor tissue and their adjacent nontumor tissue. qRT-PCR showed the up-regulation of <i>HspB5</i> and MMP7, and down-regulation of E-cadherin in CRC patients. C: Immunofluorescence staining of <i>HspB5</i> expression in CRC patients. Green fluorescence and blue fluorescence respectively represents <i>HspB5</i> and the cellular nucleus. Stage 1, T1(mucosa); Stage 2, T2(muscle); Stage 3, T3(serosa); Stage 4, T4(viscera). D:<i>HspB5</i> indicates poor survival in colorectal cancer during a 3-year follow up (N = 35).CRC patients with high <i>HspB5</i>expression had a shorter overall survival rate than those with low expression levels.</p

Image_1_Cytotoxicity of InP/ZnS Quantum Dots With Different Surface Functional Groups Toward Two Lung-Derived Cell Lines.TIF

<p>Although InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a presumably less hazardous alternative to cadmium-based QDs, their toxicity has not been fully understood. In this work, we report the cytotoxicity of InP/ZnS QDs with different surface groups (NH₂, COOH, OH) toward two lung-derived cell lines. The diameter and the spectra of InP/ZnS QDs were characterized and the hydrodynamic size of QDs in aqueous solution was compared. The confocal laser scanning microscopy was applied to visualize the labeling of QDs for human lung cancer cell HCC-15 and Alveolar type II epithelial cell RLE-6TN. The flow cytometry was used to confirm qualitatively the uptake efficiency of QDs, the cell apoptosis and ROS generation, respectively. The results showed that in deionized water, InP/ZnS-OH QDs were easier to aggregate, and the hydrodynamic size was much greater than the other InP/ZnS QDs. All these InP/ZnS QDs were able to enter the cells, with higher uptake efficiency for InP/ZnS-COOH and InP/ZnS-NH₂ at low concentration. High doses of InP/ZnS QDs caused the cell viability to decrease, and InP/ZnS-COOH QDs and InP/ZnS-NH₂ QDs appeared to be more toxic than InP/ZnS-OH QDs. In addition, all these InP/ZnS QDs promoted cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS generation after co-cultured with cells. These results suggested that appropriate concentration and surface functional groups should be optimized when InP/ZnS QDs are utilized for biological imaging and therapeutic purpose in the future.</p

Distribution and diversity of twelve <i>Curcuma</i> species in China

<p>Genus <i>Curcuma</i> a wild species presents an important source of valuable characters for improving the cultivated <i>Curcuma</i> varieties. Based on the collected germplasms, herbariums, field surveys and other literatures, the ecogeographical diversity of Genus <i>Curcuma</i> and its potential distributions under the present and future climate are analysed by DIVA-GIS. The results indicate Genus <i>Curcuma</i> is distributed over 17 provinces in China, and particularly abundant in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. The simulated current distributions are close to the actual distribution regions. In the future climate, the suitable areas for four <i>Curcuma</i> species will be extended, while for other three species the regions will be significantly decreased, and thus these valuable resources need protecting.</p