Optimal power control for real-time applications in cognitive satellite terrestrial networks

Cognitive satellite terrestrial networks have received considerable attention as a promising candidate to address the spectrum scarcity problem in future wireless communications. When satellite networks act as cognitive users in the networks, power control is a significant research challenge in the uplink case, especially for real-time applications. In this context, we propose two optimal power control schemes with the objectives of maximizing the delay-limited capacity and outage capacity, respectively, which are useful performance indicators for real-time applications. From the long-term and short-term aspects, average and peak power constraints are adopted respectively at the satellite user to limit the harmful interference caused to the terrestrial base station (BS). Extensive numerical results are given to demonstrate the impact of interference constraints and channel condition parameters on the performance limits of satellite users

Optimal power control in cognitive satellite terrestrial networks with imperfect channel state information

To address the spectrum scarcity in future satellite communications, employing the cognitive technique in the satellite systems is considered as a promising candidate, which leads to an advanced architecture known as cognitive satellite terrestrial networks. Power control is a significant research challenge in cognitive satellite terrestrial networks, especially when the perfect channel state information (CSI) of satellite or terrestrial links is unavailable. In this context, we investigate the impact of imperfect CSI of both desired satellite link and harmful terrestrial interference link on the power control scheme in cognitive satellite terrestrial networks. By adopting a pilot-based channel estimation of satellite link and a back-off interference power constraint of terrestrial interference link, a novel power control scheme is presented to maximize the outage capacity of the satellite user while guaranteeing the communication quality of primary terrestrial user. Extensive numerical results quantitatively demonstrate the effect of various system parameters on the proposed power control scheme in cognitive satellite terrestrial networks with imperfect CSI

内臟に發生せる稀有なる多發性神經纎維腫症の一剖檢例

Information on the 74 candidate blast resistant genes in LAFBRs. (XLSX 90 kb

How Can the European Federation for Colposcopy Promote High Quality Colposcopy Throughout Europe?

Since its inception in 1998, the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) now comprises 26 member societies. Its principle aim is to promote high quality colposcopy throughout Europe with special emphasis on training, education and treatment. This review summarises EFC’s activities and achievements to date

Additional file 1: of Corticosteroid use and intensive care unit-acquired weakness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PubMed search strategy. (DOCX 15 kb

Additional file 2: of Corticosteroid use and intensive care unit-acquired weakness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Summary of findings for the main comparison. (DOCX 14 kb

Reversible On–Off Luminescence Switching in Self-Healable Hydrogels

We present herein an easy way to prepare novel responsive hydrogels by simply doping lanthanide complexes into a polymer hydrogel, poly­(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid) (PAMPSA). The resulting hybrid hydrogels can be readily processed into a range of shapes. Both the on–off luminescence switching and the healable properties are simultaneously achieved in the resulting responsive hybrid hydrogels. They exhibit effectively self-healing performance without any external stimulus and reversible “on–off” luminescence switching triggered by exposure to acid–base vapor. The key to this on–off luminescence switching behavior is that the protonation of the organic ligands compete with full coordination to Ln³⁺ and that incomplete coordination affects the luminescence yield. The high proton strength in the resulting hydrogels makes the doped lanthanide complexes unstable, and ammonia (or triethylamine) vapor can dramatically decrease the proton strength through neutralization, driving the full coordination of the ligand to Ln³⁺

The Rice Dynamin-Related Protein OsDRP1E Negatively Regulates Programmed Cell Death by Controlling the Release of Cytochrome <i>c</i> from Mitochondria

<div><p>Programmed cell death (PCD) mediated by mitochondrial processes has emerged as an important mechanism for plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the role of translocation of cytochrome <i>c</i> from the mitochondria to the cytosol during PCD remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the rice dynamin-related protein 1E (OsDRP1E) negatively regulates PCD by controlling mitochondrial structure and cytochrome <i>c</i> release. We used a map-based cloning strategy to isolate <i>OsDRP1E</i> from the lesion mimic mutant <i>dj-lm</i> and confirmed that the E409V mutation in OsDRP1E causes spontaneous cell death in rice. Pathogen inoculation showed that <i>dj-lm</i> significantly enhances resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens. Functional analysis of the E409V mutation showed that the mutant protein impairs OsDRP1E self-association and formation of a higher-order complex; this in turn reduces the GTPase activity of OsDRP1E. Furthermore, confocal microscopy showed that the E409V mutation impairs localization of OsDRP1E to the mitochondria. The E409V mutation significantly affects the morphogenesis of cristae in mitochondria and causes the abnormal release of cytochrome <i>c</i> from mitochondria into cytoplasm. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the mitochondria-localized protein OsDRP1E functions as a negative regulator of cytochrome <i>c</i> release and PCD in plants.</p></div

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of mitochondrial structure in DJ and <i>dj-lm</i> plants.

<p>Y: Young leaves from four-week-old plants. O: Old leaves from eight-week-old plants. F and S represent the first and the second leaf from the top. Arrow indicates bubble-like cristae. CP, chloroplast; M, mitochondria; N, nucleus; P, peroxisome. Bar = 0.5 μm.</p

Subcellular localization of OsDRP1E-GFP and E409V-GFP <i>in planta</i>.

<p>(A) Confocal images of OsDRP1E-GFP and E409V-GFP transiently expressed in rice protoplasts. MitoTracker was used as the mitochondrial marker. Bar = 10 μm. (B) Confocal images of OsDRP1E-GFP and E409V-GFP transiently expressed in <i>N</i>. <i>benthamiana</i>. Ds-RED-tagged COX4 was used as the mitochondrial marker. Bar = 10 μm.</p