Additional file 1 of Whole-cycle management of women with epilepsy of child-bearing age: ontology construction and application

Supplementary Material

Phylogenetic tree of membrane desaturase gene families reconstructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method.

<p>Gene sequences were shown by their strain names, accession numbers (locus tags), or labels. Bootstrapping with 1,000 replicates was used to establish the confidence limits of the tree branches. Colored branches indicated different groups of proteins. Red: Δ15 desaturase, blue: Δ7/Δ9 desaturase, purple: sphingolipid Δ4 desaturase, green: microsomal Δ12 desaturase, orange: plastidial Δ12 desaturase, pink: sphingolipid Δ8 desaturase.</p

Isolation and functional analysis of fatty acid desaturase genes from peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.)

<div><p>Background</p><p>Fatty acid desaturases are enzymes that introduce double bonds into fatty acyl chains. Extensive studies of fatty acid desaturases have been done in many plants. However, less is known about the diversity of this gene family in peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.), an important oilseed crop that is cultivated worldwide.</p><p>Results</p><p>In this study, twelve novel <i>AhFADs</i> genes were identified and isolated from peanut. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the transcript abundances of <i>AhFAB2-2</i> and <i>AhFAD3-1</i> were higher in seeds than in other tissues examined, whereas the <i>AhADS</i> and <i>AhFAD7-1</i> transcripts were more abundant in leaves. <i>AhFAB2-3</i>, <i>AhFAD3-2</i>, <i>AhFAD4</i>, <i>AhSLD-4</i>, and <i>AhDES</i> genes were highly expressed in flowers, whereas <i>AhFAD7-2</i>, <i>AhSLD-2</i>, and <i>AhSLD-3</i> were expressed most strongly in stems. During seed development, the expressions of <i>AhFAB2-2</i>, <i>AhFAD3-1</i>, <i>AhFAD7-1</i>, and <i>AhSLD-3</i> gradually increased in abundance, reached a maximum expression level, and then decreased. The <i>AhFAB2-3</i>, <i>AhFAD3-2</i>, <i>AhFAD4</i>, <i>AhADS</i>, and <i>AhDES</i> transcript levels remained relatively high at the initial stage of seed development, but decreased thereafter. The <i>AhSLD-4</i> transcript level remained relatively low at the initial stage of seed development, but showed a dramatic increase in abundance at the final stage. The <i>AhFAD7-2</i> and <i>AhSLD-2</i> transcript levels remained relatively high at the initial stage of seed development, but then decreased, and finally increased again. The <i>AhFAD</i> transcripts were differentially expressed following exposure to abiotic stresses or abscisic acid. Moreover, the functions of one <i>AhFAD6</i> and four <i>AhSLD</i> genes were confirmed by heterologous expression in <i>Synechococcus elongates</i> or <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The present study provides valuable information that improves understanding of the biological roles of <i>FAD</i> genes in fatty acid synthesis, and will help peanut breeders improve the quality of peanut oil via molecular design breeding.</p></div

Fatty acid desaturase genes in peanut.

<p>Fatty acid desaturase genes in peanut.</p

Expression analysis of fatty acid desaturase genes of peanut using qRT-PCR in peanut leaves upon cold treatment.

<p>0h to 72h, leaves exposed to cold (4°C) treatment. The relative mRNA abundance was normalized with respect to the peanut <i>AhTUA5</i> gene. The bars were standard deviations (SD) of three biological repeats.</p

Expression analysis of fatty acid desaturase genes of peanut using qRT-PCR in peanut leaves and roots under drought stress.

<p>0h to 72h, leaves exposed to 20% PEG-6000 treatment. The relative mRNA abundance was normalized with respect to the peanut <i>AhTUA5</i> gene. The bars were standard deviations (SD) of three biological repeats.</p

Expression analysis of fatty acid desaturase genes of peanut using qRT-PCR in peanut leaves and roots under ABA treatment.

<p>0h to 72h, leaves exposed to 100uM ABA treatment. The relative mRNA abundance was normalized with respect to the peanut <i>AhTUA5</i> gene. The bars were standard deviations (SD) of three biological repeats.</p

Fatty acid composition of transformed <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> (strain PCC 7942).

<p>Fatty acid composition of transformed <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> (strain PCC 7942).</p

Phylogenetic tree of membrane desaturase gene families reconstructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method.

<p>Gene sequences were shown by their strain names, accession numbers (locus tags), or labels. Bootstrapping with 1,000 replicates was used to establish the confidence limits of the tree branches. Colored branches indicated different groups of proteins. Red: Δ15 desaturase, blue: Δ7/Δ9 desaturase, purple: sphingolipid Δ4 desaturase, green: microsomal Δ12 desaturase, orange: plastidial Δ12 desaturase, pink: sphingolipid Δ8 desaturase.</p

The ratios of t18:1^8Z and t18:1^8E and the conversion rate of the four <i>SLD</i> genes of peanut.

<p>The ratios of t18:1^8Z and t18:1^8E and the conversion rate of the four <i>SLD</i> genes of peanut.</p