Simulation of Mechanical Properties and Intracellular Pressure of Erythrocyte According to Atomic Force Microscopy

In the paper we carry out the calculation mechanical properties and intracellular pressure of erythrocytes by finite element method and comparison of these data to the experimental data obtained using atomic force microscopy. The paper proposes a model of the erythrocyte representing the erythrocyte as a homogeneous elastic body with the elasticity depending on the distance to the center of the erythrocyte. The model is based on data from atomic force microscopy obtained by various authors, in particular the data on rigidity of the membrane, which depends on the position of the measuring point on the surface. The good agreement between calculated and experimental data confirms the consistency of the model and allows us to conclude that the morphology of the erythrocyte is largely determined by the elastic properties of the membrane and intercellular pressure

Simulation of Mechanical Properties and Intracellular Pressure of Erythrocyte According to Atomic Force Microscopy

In the paper we carry out the calculation mechanical properties and intracellular pressure of erythrocytes by finite element method and comparison of these data to the experimental data obtained using atomic force microscopy. The paper proposes a model of the erythrocyte representing the erythrocyte as a homogeneous elastic body with the elasticity depending on the distance to the center of the erythrocyte. The model is based on data from atomic force microscopy obtained by various authors, in particular the data on rigidity of the membrane, which depends on the position of the measuring point on the surface. The good agreement between calculated and experimental data confirms the consistency of the model and allows us to conclude that the morphology of the erythrocyte is largely determined by the elastic properties of the membrane and intercellular pressure

Calculation of Intracellular Pressure of Red Blood Cells at Jaundice According to Atomic Force Microscopy Data

The present work is devoted to the analysis of three-dimensional data of atomic force microscopy for research of the morphology of red blood cells. In this paper we built a biomechanical model of the erythrocyte, which allowed calculating the intracellular pressure of erythrocyte based on data of atomic force microscopy. As a result, we obtained the dependence intracellular pressure on the morphology of red blood cell. We have proposed a method of estimating of intracellular pressure of erythrocytes based on numerical modeling and data of atomic force microscopy of erythrocytes scan, which involves a comparison of the experimental data with the results of numerical calculation. The method is applied to the data of atomic force microscopy of erythrocytes of experimental animals - dwarf domestic pigs with different degrees of obstructive jaundice and normal. It is shown that with increasing severity of the disease and the concentration of bilirubin in the blood there is an infringement erythrocyte membranes, by an average increasing their volume and intracellular pressure

Calculation of Intracellular Pressure of Red Blood Cells at Jaundice According to Atomic Force Microscopy Data

The present work is devoted to the analysis of three-dimensional data of atomic force microscopy for research of the morphology of red blood cells. In this paper we built a biomechanical model of the erythrocyte, which allowed calculating the intracellular pressure of erythrocyte based on data of atomic force microscopy. As a result, we obtained the dependence intracellular pressure on the morphology of red blood cell. We have proposed a method of estimating of intracellular pressure of erythrocytes based on numerical modeling and data of atomic force microscopy of erythrocytes scan, which involves a comparison of the experimental data with the results of numerical calculation. The method is applied to the data of atomic force microscopy of erythrocytes of experimental animals - dwarf domestic pigs with different degrees of obstructive jaundice and normal. It is shown that with increasing severity of the disease and the concentration of bilirubin in the blood there is an infringement erythrocyte membranes, by an average increasing their volume and intracellular pressure

Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Isocyanides with Activated Methylene Group

This review is devoted to the recent advances in the chemistry of methylene isocyanides with C=C, C≡C, C=O, and C=N bonds. In this paper, we show a variety of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions for isocyanides, carried out both under catalytic and non-catalytic conditions. In addition, we also focused on diastereo- and enantioselectivity data. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Gmb

Synthesis and photophysical properties of novel oxadiazole substituted BODIPY fluorophores

Using 3-phenyl-5-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole, BODIPYs with the oxadiazole groups at the 1,7-positions were prepared and their photophysical properties were characterized. The method employs 2,4-diphenyl substituted pyrrole and various aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free conditions. Due to the attachment of the oxadiazole groups at the 1,7-positions, the BODIPYs show long-wavelength absorption and emission in the near-infrared region. © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistr

Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of rotamers in the series of 2-(fluoroaryl)-4-substituted pyrroles

A mild, simple and efficient method for the synthesis of ortho, meta and para-fluoroaryl substituted pyrroles was discovered. It was found by NMR spectroscopy, that ortho-fluoroaryl substituted pyrroles exist in the form of inhibited conformational isomers (rotamers). Intramolecular interaction of the hydrogen atom of the pyrrole ring and the fluorine atom in the ortho-position of the aryl substituent leads to the appearance of two sets of signals in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Based on the combination of 2D HMBC and HSQC NMR spectroscopy, as well as temperature dependent NMR experiments in DMSO and CDCl3 we conclude that the ratio of obtained rotamers is permanent and does not depend from the temperature. © 2021 Elsevier B.V