Flow chart of the image segmentation scheme.

<p>The proposed segmentation algorithm includes five consecutive steps: DCE micro-CT images acquisition, data dimension reduction, supervoxel generation, supervoxel classification, and target organs’ extraction.</p

Quantitative evaluation of the proposed methods by comparison to manual segmentation.

<p>‘SM1’ and ‘RM1’ represents the comparison of the automatic segmentation by SVM and RF with the manual segmentation (M1), respectively. ‘M1M3’ compares the manual segmentations of two independent experts. ‘M1M2’ compares two manual segmentation repetitions of one expert. (A) Dice similarity coefficient. (B) False positive ratio. (C) False negative ratio. (* Indicates <i>p</i> < 0.05.)</p

S100B levels in human milk were closely correlated with BMI.

<p>The solid line represents the predicted regression line determined from measures analysis of human milk collected 3 days after birth. Pearson correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) was 0.335. <i>P</i><0.05. n = 42.</p

Visual comparison of the segmentation results with the reference datasets, shown in 3-D isosurface rendering.

<p>Left column: left lateral view. Right column: posterior view. Top row: manual segmentation (M1). Middle row: segmentation obtained by the SVM. Bottom row: segmentation obtained by the RF.</p

Visual comparison of the segmentation results with the reference datasets, shown in 2-D images.

<p>The organ boundaries of manual segmentation (M1) and automatic segmentation based on the SVM and the RF are superimposed on two coronal images (A, B) and two sagittal images (C, D).</p

Dynamic contrast enhancement procedure after contrast agent administration.

<p>(A) Representative coronal micro-CT images before contrast agent injection and at 0 s, 50 s, 100 s, 150 s, and 200 s post-contrast injection. The image at 0 s was acquired during the inflow of contrast agent. All of the images are displayed with the same gray scale window. (B) The relative signal enhancement versus time curves of regions depicted by the arrows in (A) with the same colors.</p

Number of supervoxels for each category chosen to constitute the total data set.

<p>Number of supervoxels for each category chosen to constitute the total data set.</p

Cytokines in human milk from Chinese women during day 3, 10, 30, and 90 after parturition (n = 24).

<p>Cytokines in human milk from Chinese women during day 3, 10, 30, and 90 after parturition (n = 24).</p

Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase 1 Polymorphisms with Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Studies investigating the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) and cancer risk report conflicting results. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between MTHFD1 polymorphisms and cancer risk, the present meta-analysis was carried out.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>A comprehensive search was conducted to determine all the eligible studies about MTHFD1 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association between the MTHFD1 polymorphisms and cancer risk. We investigated by meta-analysis the effects of 2 polymorphisms in MTHFD1: G1958A (17 studies, 12348 cases, 44132 controls) and G401A (20 studies, 8446 cases, 14020 controls). The overall results indicated no major influence of these 2 polymorphisms on cancer risk. For G1958A, a decreased cancer risk was found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)/Asians (the dominant: OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58–0.94, P = 0.01; allelic: OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65–0.99, P = 0.04) and other cancers (recessive: OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.96, P = 0.02). For G401A, the data showed that MTHFD1 G401A polymorphism was associated with a decreased colon cancer risk under dominant model (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99, P = 0.04).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The results suggest that MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism might be associated with a decreased risk of ALL and other cancers. Meanwhile, the MTHFD1 G401A might play a protective role in the development of colon cancer. Large-scale and well-designed case-control studies are necessary to validate the risk identified in the present meta-analysis.</p></div

Cytokines in the human milk from Chinese women during day 3, 10, and 30 after parturition (n = 42).

<p>*number of donors equal to 40.</p