Market Integration and Industrial Structure: Home Market Effects Revisited

Does market size matter for industrial structure? This paper generalises the theory on home market effects to reconcile the recent debate by allowing for an endogenous expenditure share on differentiated goods. It is shown that, in general, market size matters for industrial structure. Even when both sectors face identical transport costs, a "home market effect" can arise, disappear, or reverse in sign, depending on whether the elasticity of substitution between the homogenous good and the composite of differentiated goods is greater than, equal to, or less than one. It is also shown that a commonly used benchmark - the relative market size in a one-factor economy - for discussing trade and industrial structure is, in general, not correct. The results should change common perceptions about how market integration affects a country's industrial structure. In particular, it is not always correct to consider a country that ends up with a less-than-proportionate of manufacturing industry in market integration to be "de-industrialised".

Evidence for correlated states in a cluster of bosons with Rashba spin-orbit coupling

We study the ground state properties of spin-half bosons subjected to the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in two dimensions. Due to the enhancement of the low energy density of states, it is expected that the effect of interaction becomes more important. After reviewing several possible ideal condensed states, we carry out an exact diagonalization calculation for a cluster of the bosons in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling on a two-dimensional disk and reveal strong correlations in its ground state. We derive a low-energy effective Hamiltonian to understand how states with strong correlations become energetically more favorable than the ideal condensed states.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure

In Situ High-Pressure Studies of Ammonia Borane Derivatives by Vibrational Spectroscopy

Hydrogen has been regarded as a promising candidate to replace the conventional fossil fuel, and thus attracted enormous research efforts. However, hydrogen storage remains to be a big challenge to its practical applications. Consequently, the investigation of suitable hydrogen storage materials has become a highly active research field. Here we reported the first high pressure studies of three promising hydrogen storage materials, N(CH3)3BH3, NH(CH3)2BH3 and NaNH2BH3 by Raman and IR spectroscopy. First, N(CH3)3BH3 was studied at room temperature and pressures up to 30 GPa. Under ambient conditions, N(CH3)3BH3 forms rhombohedral crystals. During compression, two phases transitions were observed, which was evidenced by the rich profile changes in Raman and IR spectra as well as by examining the pressure dependence of Raman and IR modes. Raman and IR spectra collectively revealed consistent structural information of N(CH3)3BH3. The pressure-induced phase transitions were reversible, indicated by the recovered Raman and IR modes upon decompression. Similarly, the other two hydrogen storage materials, NH(CH3)2BH3 and NaNH2BH3 were investigated under high pressures up to 20 and 14 GPa, respectively. NH(CH3)2BH3 was found to experience two phase transitions from the parent monoclinic structure. An interesting red shift and subsequent blue shift cycle of N-H stretching mode was also observed. The decompression experiment suggested that the pressure-induced phase transitions were reversible. The changes of Raman and IR spectra under pressure together with factor group analysis provided us a chance to examine the possible high-pressure structure. On the other hand, NaNH2BH3, which crystalizes into orthorhombic structure at ambient pressure,underwent two phase transitions during the compression process. The pressure-induced phase transitions turned out to be reversible upon decompression. Moreover, the bonding behaviors of NaNH2BH3 were found to be different from NH3BH3, which has implications for improved hydrogen storage performance

Reveal quantum correlation in complementary bases

An essential feature of genuine quantum correlation is the simultaneous existence of correlation in complementary bases. We reveal this feature of quantum correlation by defining measures based on invariance under a basis change. For a bipartite quantum state, the classical correlation is the maximal correlation present in a certain optimum basis, while the quantum correlation is characterized as a series of residual correlations in the mutually unbiased bases. Compared with other approaches to quantify quantum correlation, our approach gives information-theoretical measures that directly reflect the essential feature of quantum correlation.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Agglomeration and Exports with Heterogeneous Firms: Evidence from Chinese Firm-level and County-level Data

The paper proposes a model to investigate the influences of agglomeration on heterogeneous firms' exporting behaviors. In the model, firms are heterogeneous in productivity. Selection effect and agglomeration economies caused by agglomeration increase firms' productivity and decreases industrial entry costs, and factor prices are increased because of agglomeration. The former factors increase while the latter reduces firms' exporting possibilities and sales. The theoretical result shows that the compositive effect is that the influences of productivity on the latter increase with agglomeration level. Empirical results based on data from Chinese Industrial Enterprises between 1998 and 2007 verify the theoretical results. Moreover, the is a critical agglomeration level for each firm (which varies across firms' productivity), so that the influence of agglomeration on a firm' export increases with agglomeration if it's less than this level while decreases if it's larger than it. The paper also estimates the influences of local market effect, urban economies and competition effect on firms' exports and find that they affect firms' exporting behaviors in very complicated modes

Big Data Platform Architecture Under The Background of Financial Technology

With the rise of the concept of financial technology, financial and technology gradually in-depth integration, scientific and technological means to become financial product innovation, improve financial efficiency and reduce financial transaction costs an important driving force. In this context, the new technology platform is from the business philosophy, business model, technical means, sales, internal management, and other dimensions to re-shape the financial industry. In this paper, the existing big data platform architecture technology innovation, adding space-time data elements, combined with the insurance industry for practical analysis, put forward a meaningful product circle and customer circle.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2018 International Conference on Big Data Engineering and Technolog

Boundary Layers of Circumplanetary Disks around Spinning Planets I. Effects of Rossby Waves

Gas giant planets are believed to accrete from their circumplanetary disks (CPDs). The CPDs usually involve accretion through the boundary layer (BL) in the vicinity of planets. Prior studies have concentrated on the BL of non-spinning planets. We investigate the influence of planetary spin on the wave behaviors within the BL. The rotation profile in such BLs would show sharp transition from the rigid rotation to the Keplerian rotation. We examine the angular momentum transport in these BL in terms of linear perturbation analysis. We find that the global inertia-acoustic mode associated with spinning planets would give rise to the inflow of angular momentum and the accretion of gas. In this work, we identify a new kind of global mode, namely the Rossby mode. The Rossby mode can lead to the outflow of angular momentum and the decretion of gas from a spinning planet. The Rossby mode provide a negative feedback that regulates the planetary spin and mass. We compare the growth rate of the two modes as a function of the width of BL, the Mach number and the spin rate of planet. Our results reveal the underlying hydrodynamic mechanism of terminal spins and asymptotic mass of the giant planets.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, with minor revision and resubmitted to Ap

A theory of strategic vertical DFI and the missing pollution-haven effect

This paper develops a theory of strategic vertical DFI (direct foreign investment) to suggest an explanation for the empirical puzzle of the missing `pollution-haven' effect. It focuses on a firm's strategic incentive to create multi-market interdependence (in addition to other conventional incentives for DFI) and suggests that the empirical investigations on pollution-haven effects based on environmental compliance costs might be complicated by such strategic behaviour. The theory provides particular implications for the empirical research in this area and some broader implications for the theory of DFI

Unemployment Effects of Trade with a Low-Wage Country: A Minimum-Wage Model with Sector-Specific Factors

Contrary to conventional wisdom, this paper shows that a high-wage economy can paradoxically reduce its level of aggregate unemployment by engaging in international trade with a low-wage country. We demonstrate this possibility after introducing a minimum wage into the basic specific-factor model (with immobile capital and mobile labor), even though the opposite result is known to arise in the longer-run framework of the standard Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model (with both inputs mobile). Our result provides a cautionary note for public-policy discussions that promote trade barriers as a way to reduce unemployment