Basic characteristic of the patients and blood cell counts in JAK2 V617F mutation positive and negative patients.

*<p>Comparison in PV patients is not performed due to the small sample size of JAK2 V617F mutation negative patients (n = 2).</p

Platelet parameters in JAK2 V617F mutation positive and negative patients.

<p>PCT: thrombocytocrit; P-LCR: platelet-large contrast ratio; PDW: platelet distribution width; MPV: mean platelet volume.</p

Spearman’s rank correlation between JAK2 V617F allele burden and peripheral blood cell counts, bone marrow hyperplasia.

*<p>R: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.</p

Trends of JAK2 V617F mutation rate (a) and JAK2 V617F mutant allele burden (b) variation in groups classified by blood cell counts.

<p>*The number outside the parentheses presented RBC count of males, while the number inside the parentheses presented RBC count of females, owing to different reference range of RBC count in males and females. The vertical axis represents JAK2 V617F mutation rate (a) and the median of JAK2 V617F mutant allele burden (b) in groups classified by blood cell counts. Median of JAK2 V617F mutant allele burden in the group which was characterized by WBC counts <4.0×10⁹/L was not shown in the figure, since only one patient was included into this group.</p

JAK2 V617F mutation rates of different groups of patients classified by blood cell counts and linage hyperplasia state.

*<p>The number outside the parentheses presented RBC count of males, while the number inside the parentheses presented RBC count of females, owing to different reference range of RBC count in males and females.</p

Occurrence and Bioaccumulation of Psychotropic Pharmaceuticals and Their Metabolites in Water and Fish in a Shallow Lake in China: Implications for Ecological and Human Health Risks

Psychotropic pharmaceuticalsand their metabolites are a growing concern for aquatic environments and may accumulate in aquatic organisms. In this study, 21 parent psychotropic pharmaceuticals and 8 metabolites from three categories of psychotropic drugs (anxiolytics, antiepileptics, and antidepressants) were evaluated in Gao–Bao–Shaobo lake (GBSL), a shallow lake in China. Among them, 18 psychotropic pharmaceuticals and 8 metabolites were detected in water samples from GBSL (0.2 up to ∼24.5 ng/L), and 13 psychotropic pharmaceuticals and 5 metabolites were identified in fish (1 up to ∼126.2 ng/g dw). In the wet season, concentrations of psychotropic pharmaceuticals and their metabolites showed an increase from the inflow to the discharge subarea. Carbamazepine and sertraline were the dominant pharmaceuticals detected in fish with bioaccumulation factors, exceeding 5000 L/kg. Physicochemical parameters (log Kow and MW) were negatively correlated with the pharmaceutical levels in fish. Carbamazepine posed a moderate risk to aquatic organisms in all subareas. Hazard quotient results showed that the consumption of fish from GBSL is unlikely to exhibit a direct adverse effect on humans. Our results indicated that a comprehensive understanding of psychotropic pharmaceutical contaminations in surface waters should consider not only the parent pharmaceuticals but also the subsequent accumulation of their metabolites in fish