77 research outputs found
Robust deep semi-supervised learning with label propagation and differential privacy
Semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods provide a powerful tool for utilizing abundant unlabeled data to strengthen standard supervised learning. Traditional graph-based SSL methods prevail in classical SSL problems for their intuitional implementation and effective performance. However, they encounter troubles when applying to image classification followed by modern deep learning, since the diffusion algorithms face the curse of dimensionality. In this study, we propose a simple and efficient SSL method, combining a graph-based SSL paradigm with differential privacy. We aim at developing coherent latent feature space of deep neural networks so that the diffusion algorithm in the latent space can give more precise predictions for unlabeled data. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the Cifar10, Cifar100, and Mini-imagenet benchmark datasets and obtains an error rate of 18.56% on Cifar10 using only 1% of all labels. Furthermore, our approach inherits the benefits of graph-based SSL methods with a simple training process and can be easily combined with any network architecture
DiQAD: A Benchmark Dataset for End-to-End Open-domain Dialogue Assessment
Dialogue assessment plays a critical role in the development of open-domain
dialogue systems. Existing work are uncapable of providing an end-to-end and
human-epistemic assessment dataset, while they only provide sub-metrics like
coherence or the dialogues are conversed between annotators far from real user
settings. In this paper, we release a large-scale dialogue quality assessment
dataset (DiQAD), for automatically assessing open-domain dialogue quality.
Specifically, we (1) establish the assessment criteria based on the dimensions
conforming to human judgements on dialogue qualities, and (2) annotate
large-scale dialogues that conversed between real users based on these
annotation criteria, which contains around 100,000 dialogues. We conduct
several experiments and report the performances of the baselines as the
benchmark on DiQAD. The dataset is openly accessible at
https://github.com/yukunZhao/Dataset_Dialogue_quality_evaluation.Comment: Accepted to Findings of EMNLP 202
AOC-IDS: Autonomous Online Framework with Contrastive Learning for Intrusion Detection
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has raised increasing
concern about targeted cyber attacks. Previous research primarily focused on
static Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs), which employ offline training to
safeguard IoT systems. However, such static IDSs struggle with real-world
scenarios where IoT system behaviors and attack strategies can undergo rapid
evolution, necessitating dynamic and adaptable IDSs. In response to this
challenge, we propose AOC-IDS, a novel online IDS that features an autonomous
anomaly detection module (ADM) and a labor-free online framework for continual
adaptation. In order to enhance data comprehension, the ADM employs an
Autoencoder (AE) with a tailored Cluster Repelling Contrastive (CRC) loss
function to generate distinctive representation from limited or incrementally
incoming data in the online setting. Moreover, to reduce the burden of manual
labeling, our online framework leverages pseudo-labels automatically generated
from the decision-making process in the ADM to facilitate periodic updates of
the ADM. The elimination of human intervention for labeling and decision-making
boosts the system's compatibility and adaptability in the online setting to
remain synchronized with dynamic environments. Experimental validation using
the NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets demonstrates the superior performance and
adaptability of AOC-IDS, surpassing the state-of-the-art solutions. The code is
released at https://github.com/xinchen930/AOC-IDS
Knowing What LLMs DO NOT Know: A Simple Yet Effective Self-Detection Method
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in Natural Language
Processing (NLP) tasks. However, recent literature reveals that LLMs generate
nonfactual responses intermittently, which impedes the LLMs' reliability for
further utilization. In this paper, we propose a novel self-detection method to
detect which questions that a LLM does not know that are prone to generate
nonfactual results. Specifically, we first diversify the textual expressions
for a given question and collect the corresponding answers. Then we examine the
divergencies between the generated answers to identify the questions that the
model may generate falsehoods. All of the above steps can be accomplished by
prompting the LLMs themselves without referring to any other external
resources. We conduct comprehensive experiments and demonstrate the
effectiveness of our method on recently released LLMs, e.g., Vicuna, ChatGPT,
and GPT-4
Improved sliding mode direct power control for low-carbon oriented MMC-HVDC of asymmetric offshore wind power flexible systems
The modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) is a dynamic power balancing system. The control system of MMC generally adopts a dual closed-loop vector control strategy based on the traditional instantaneous power model under asymmetric grid state, which has complex control structure and low control accuracy. This paper introduces a flexible instantaneous power model and establishes a general power equation with active power and new reactive power as control objects. Based on this, an improved sliding-mode MMC-HVDC direct power control strategy based on the new instantaneous power model is proposed which combines the flexible instantaneous power model and the improved sliding-mode control method to eliminate the twice grid-frequency ripples in both active and reactive power under asymmetric grid states. Furthermore, it omits the inner-loop controller and power compensation terms while optimizing the control structure. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better dynamic responsiveness, control accuracy and robustness under operating conditions such as asymmetric grid state and parameter perturbation which can better exploit the advantages of the flexible instantaneous power model
Go@Se@ni cathode materials for lithium-selenium battery
Selenium is a promising cathode material for high-energy lithium batteries. In this work, selenium was electrodeposited on nickel foam from aqueous selenite solution. The influences of pH values and current density on electrodeposited Se@Ni were investigated. It is found that electrodeposition at pH 7 and 0.5 mA cm −2 enables high current efficiency and produces uniform and smooth deposits. Graphene oxide (GO) was further coated on Se@Ni through physical adsorption to produce GO@Se@Ni. The developed GO@Se@Ni electrode delivers a high initial specific capacity of 593 mAh g −1 and good capacity retention over 100 cycles at 0.1 C
PUMA: Secure Inference of LLaMA-7B in Five Minutes
With ChatGPT as a representative, tons of companies have began to provide
services based on large Transformers models. However, using such a service
inevitably leak users' prompts to the model provider. Previous studies have
studied secure inference for Transformer models using secure multiparty
computation (MPC), where model parameters and clients' prompts are kept secret.
Despite this, these frameworks are still limited in terms of model performance,
efficiency, and deployment. To address these limitations, we propose framework
PUMA to enable fast and secure Transformer model inference. Our framework
designs high quality approximations for expensive functions, such as GeLU and
Softmax, which significantly reduce the cost of secure inference while
preserving the model performance. Additionally, we design secure Embedding and
LayerNorm procedures that faithfully implement the desired functionality
without undermining the Transformer architecture. PUMA is about 2x faster than
the state-of-the-art MPC framework MPCFORMER(ICLR 2023) and has similar
accuracy as plaintext models without fine-tuning (which the previous works
failed to achieve).
One more thing, PUMA can evaluate LLaMA-7B in around 5 minutes to generate 1
token. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that a model with such a
parameter size is able to be evaluated under MPC. PUMA has been open-sourced in
the Github repository of SecretFlow-SPU
Gut microbiota mediates positive effects of liraglutide on dyslipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet
Except for improving glycemic control, liraglutide, one of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, has exerted promising therapeutic effects for dyslipidemia. It has been proved that gut microbiota plays a dramatic role in regulating lipid metabolism. This study aims to explore whether liraglutide could improve dyslipidemia by modulating the gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The C57BL/6 mice were fed a HFD to establish an animal model of dyslipidemia, and then administered with liraglutide or normal saline (NS) for 12 weeks. Indices of glucolipid metabolism were evaluated. Gut microbiota of the mice was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared with HFD group, liraglutide significantly alleviated weight, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels, meanwhile elevating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels (all p < 0.05). The gut microbiota analysis revealed that liraglutide greatly reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and augmented that of Bacteroidetes, with a concomitant drop in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Meanwhile, liraglutide dramatically changed the overall composition, promoted the growth of beneficial microbes (Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, etc.), and inhibited the growth of harmful microbes (AF12, Shigella, Proteobacteria, Xenorhabdus, etc.). Especially, the relative abundance of Akkermansia increased the most after liraglutide treatment. Correlation analysis suggested that TC and LDL were positively correlated with some harmful bacteria, and negatively associated with beneficial bacteria. This study confirmed that liraglutide had a certain therapeutic effect on dyslipidemia in HFD-fed mice and could regulate the composition of the gut microbiota associated with lipid metabolism, especially Akkermansia. Thus, affecting gut microbiota might be a potential mechanism of liraglutide in attenuating dyslipidemia
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