Table_1_FlbZIP12 gene enhances drought tolerance via modulating flavonoid biosynthesis in Fagopyrum leptopodum.xlsx

Karst lands provide a poor substrate to support plant growth, as they are low in nutrients and water content. Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is becoming a popular crop for its gluten-free grains and their high levels of phenolic compounds, but buckwheat yields are affected by high water requirements during grain filling. Here, we describe a wild population of drought-tolerant Fagopyrum leptopodum and its potential for enhancing drought tolerance in cultivated buckwheat. We determined that the expression of a gene encoding a Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, FlbZIP12, from F. leptopodum is induced by abiotic stresses, including treatment with the phytohormone abscisic acid, salt, and polyethylene glycol. In addition, we show that overexpressing FlbZIP12 in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) root hairs promoted drought tolerance by increasing the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, decreasing malondialdehyde content, and upregulating the expression of stress-related genes. Notably, FlbZIP12 overexpression induced the expression of key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. We also determined that FlbZIP12 interacts with protein kinases from the FlSnRK2 family in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results provide a theoretical basis for improving drought tolerance in buckwheat via modulating the expression of FlbZIP12 and flavonoid contents.</p

Presentation_1_FlbZIP12 gene enhances drought tolerance via modulating flavonoid biosynthesis in Fagopyrum leptopodum.pptx

Karst lands provide a poor substrate to support plant growth, as they are low in nutrients and water content. Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is becoming a popular crop for its gluten-free grains and their high levels of phenolic compounds, but buckwheat yields are affected by high water requirements during grain filling. Here, we describe a wild population of drought-tolerant Fagopyrum leptopodum and its potential for enhancing drought tolerance in cultivated buckwheat. We determined that the expression of a gene encoding a Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, FlbZIP12, from F. leptopodum is induced by abiotic stresses, including treatment with the phytohormone abscisic acid, salt, and polyethylene glycol. In addition, we show that overexpressing FlbZIP12 in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) root hairs promoted drought tolerance by increasing the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, decreasing malondialdehyde content, and upregulating the expression of stress-related genes. Notably, FlbZIP12 overexpression induced the expression of key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. We also determined that FlbZIP12 interacts with protein kinases from the FlSnRK2 family in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results provide a theoretical basis for improving drought tolerance in buckwheat via modulating the expression of FlbZIP12 and flavonoid contents.</p

Comparison before CyberKnife treatment with that at 2 months after treatment.

<p>A 40 years old male patient with adenocarcinoma involving the right lung with metastases in the left and right adrenal after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. (A, B) Abdominal transverse enhanced CT scanning shows bilateral adrenal metastasis. (C, D) Abdominal transverse enhanced CT at 2 months after CK treatment shows bilateral metastases were significantly reduces with the previous. The patient had varying degrees of lower back and abdomen swelling pain before treatment, the symptom were relieved at the time when the patient was followed up.</p

Treatment results and dosimetry plots of one case.

<p>A 80 years old male patient with squamous cell carcinoma involving the right lung with isolation metastasis in the left adrenal, with tumor size of 3.6×1.7 cm. (A) The DVH of CK treatment shows tumor in the high-dose region, meanwhile surrounding normal tissues in the low-dose region. (B) The OAR including the left kidney, stomach and very small part of the intestinal tract. (C) Therapy consisted of high-dosage, hypofractionated radiation (15 Gy/fraction, split into 3 times) delivered once per day, resulting in a total dose of 450Gy. The Max and Min dosage(Gy) of GTV was 58.4 and 35.2 respectively. Tumor volume coverage was 92.5%.The Max dosage(Gy) of left kidney and stomach was 22.1 and 33.7 respectively.</p