2-Methyl­imidazolium hydrogen maleate

Mol­ecules in the title compound, C4H7N2 +·C4H3O4 −, are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into one-dimensional chains parallel to [101]. These chains are in turn linked by an R 2 2(8) motif, formed by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, into corrugated sheets running parallel to (10). These sheets are further linked by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O inter­actions are also present

Dynamic pricing and inventory control of online retail of fresh agricultural products with forward purchase behavior

In this paper we formulate and analyze a novel model on a retailer’s inventory and pricing decisions for fresh agricultural products with consumers’ forward consuming behavior under online channel. We consider a dynamic stochastic setting, where every period consists of two stages, discounting pricing stage and regular sale stage. At the beginning of the period, the retailer decides how much new fresh agricultural products to order and sets discount price for leftover inventories from the previous period which will be disposed otherwise, and determines regular price for fresh products on the second stage, respectively. Since forward purchase consumers may buy the products during discount pricing stage, which may cannibalize future sales at regular price, the retailer needs to make a trade-off decision between regular price and discounting price. We bring forward a dynamic optimization model and use nonlinear programming method of Karush Kuhn Tucker condition to obtain the optimal dynamic strategy, which is comparatively analyzed to dominate the related static strategy. We also show that consumers forward buying behavior will negatively influence the retailer’s profit. When the price is set too low in regular or discounting sales, the profit will show an up-down trend if the inventory exceeds a certain threshold. Meanwhile, when fresh goods returns are allowed and resold in the secondary stage, the retailer’s profit will increase. We finally conduct numerical studies to further characterize the optimal policy, and to evaluate the loss of efficiency under static policies when compared to the optimal dynamic policy

Symmetric non-Hermitian skin effect with emergent nonlocal correspondence

The non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) refers to that an extensive number of eigenstates of a non-Hermitian system are localized in open boundaries. Here we predict a universal phenomenon that with local particle-hole(-like) symmetry (PHS) the skin modes must be equally distributed on different boundaries, manifesting a novel nonlocalization of the local PHS, which is unique to non-Hermitian systems. We develop a generic theory for the emergent nonlocal symmetry-protected NHSE by connecting the non-Hermitian system to an extended Hermitian Hamiltonian in a quadruplicate Hilbert space, which maps the skin modes to the topological zero modes and the PHS to an emergent nonlocal symmetry in the perspective of many body physics. The predicted NHSE is robust against perturbations. We propose optical Raman lattice models to observe the predicted phenomena in all physical dimensions, which are accessible with cold-atom experiments.Comment: 5+9 pages, 3+4 figure

Anti-tumor effects of ephedrine and anisodamine on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line

Background: To investigate the effects of ephedrine and anisodamine on the proliferation of human breast cancer.Materials and Methods: SKBR3 cell was treated with or without ephedrine and / or anisodamine,  respectively. The trypan blue exclusion assay was used to determine cell numbers. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The concentration of cAMP and cyclin D1 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was used to measure PKA.Results: Ephedrine and anisodamine inhibited cell proliferation and arrested SKBR3 cells at G0/G1 phases. Ephedrine and anisodamine increased the level of CD1 in SKBR3 cells. Furthermore, significant change in intracellular cAMP concentration was found in SKBR3 cells treated with ephedrine and anisodamine. The phosphorylation of PKA substrate was not activated after 48 hours of treatment with ephedrine and  anisodamine.Conclusion: Ephedrine and anisodamine inhibit the proliferation of SKBR3 cells via a significantly change of intracellular cAMP concentration.Key words: anisodamine, breast cancer, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ephedrine, proliferation Abbreviations: cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; ELISA,  enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CD1, cyclin D1; SNS, sympathetic nervous system

Non-Abelian dynamical gauge field and topological superfluids in optical Raman lattice

We propose an experimental scheme to realize non-Abelian dynamical gauge field for ultracold fermions, which induces a novel pairing mechanism of topological superfluidity. The dynamical gauge fields arise from nontrivial interplay effect between the strong Zeeman splitting and Hubbard interaction in a two-dimensional (2D) optical Raman lattice. The spin-flip transitions are forbidden by the large Zeeman detuning, but are restored when the Zeeman splitting is compensated by Hubbard interaction. This scheme allows to generate a dynamical non-Abelian gauge field that leads to a Dirac type correlated 2D spin-orbit interaction depending on local state configurations. The topological superfluid from a novel pairing driven by 2D dynamical gauge fields is reached, with analytic and numerical results being obtained. Our work may open up a door to emulate non-Abelian dynamical gauge fields and correlated topological phases with experimental feasibility.Comment: 5+7 pages, 4+6 figure

AbRSA: A robust tool for antibody numbering

The remarkable progress in cancer immunotherapy in recentâ years has led to the heat of great development for therapeutic antibodies. Antibody numbering, which standardizes a residue index at each position of an antibody variable domain, is an important step in immunoinformatic analysis. It provides an equivalent index for the comparison of sequences or structures, which is particularly valuable for antibody modeling and engineering. However, due to the extremely high diversity of antibody sequences, antibodyâ numbering tools cannot work in all cases. This article introduces a new antibodyâ numbering tool named AbRSA, which integrates heuristic knowledge of regionâ specific features into sequence mapping to enhance the robustness. The benchmarks demonstrate that, AbRSA exhibits robust performance in numbering sequences with diverse lengths and patterns compared with the stateâ ofâ theâ art tools. AbRSA offers a userâ friendly interface for antibody numbering, complementarityâ determining region delimitation, and 3D structure rendering. It is freely available at http://cao.labshare.cn/AbRSA.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150604/1/pro3633.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150604/2/pro3633-sup-0001-Suppinfo.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150604/3/pro3633_am.pd