Dichloridotetra­kis­(diniconazole)nickel(II)

In the title compound, [NiCl2(C15H17Cl2N3O)4], the Ni atom lies on an inversion center and has an axially extended trans-NiCl2N4 octa­hedral geometry arising from its coordination by four diniconazole [systematic name: (E)-(RS)-1-(2,4-dichloro­phen­yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol] ligands and two chloride ions. In the crystal, O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into [100] chains

Silencing of two insulin receptor genes disrupts nymph-adult transition of alate brown citrus aphid

Insulin receptors play key roles in growth, development, and polymorphism in insects. Here, we report two insulin receptor genes (AcInR1 and AcInR2) from the brown citrus aphid, Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus. Transcriptional analyses showed that AcInR1 increased during the nymph-adult transition in alate aphids, while AcInR2 had the highest expression level in second instar nymphs. AcInR1 is important in aphid development from fourth instar nymphs to adults as verified by dsRNA feeding mediated RNAi. The silencing of AcInR1 or/and AcInR2 produced a variety of phenotypes including adults with normal wings, malformed wings, under-developed wings, and aphids failing to develop beyond the nymphal stages. Silencing of AcInR1 or AcInR2 alone, and co-silencing of both genes, resulted in 73% or 60%, and 87% of aphids with problems in the transition from nymph to normal adult. The co-silencing of AcInR1 and AcInR2 resulted in 62% dead nymphs, but no mortality occurred by silencing of AcInR1 or AcInR2 alone. Phenotypes of adults in the dsInR1 and dsInR2 were similar. The results demonstrate that AcInR1 and AcInR2 are essential for successful nymph-adult transition in alate aphids and show that RNAi methods may be useful for the management of this pest

Diniconazole

The asymmetric unit of the title compound [systematic name: (E)-1-(2,4-dichloro­phen­yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol], C15H17Cl2N3O, contains two mol­ecules in which the dihedral angles between the triazole and benzene rings are 9.4 (2) and 35.0 (2)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming C(7) chains propagating in [010]

6-Amino-9H-purine-1,7-diium bis­(4-methyl­benzene­sulfonate) monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C5H7N5 2+·2C7H7O3S−·H2O, consists of one diprotonated adeninium cation, two p-toluene­sulfonic acid anions and one water mol­ecule. In the crystal, the cations and anions are connected through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming R 2 2(8) and R 2 2(9) graph-set motifs. The solvent water mol­ecule links cations and anions through O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a two-dimensional layer parallel to (10)

Network meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies and traditional conventional dichotomous agents for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

IntroductionMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cytokines and chemokines or their receptors promise to be a potential therapeutic option to address chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aim to provide a comprehensive literature review of the improvement in FEV1 and safety when comparing mAbs with conventional dichotomous agents.MethodsWe systematically searched 3 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL) up to August 1, 2023 to collect eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A frequentist network meta-analysis using a random-effects model was deployed to calculate mean differences (MD) for FEV1, relative risk (RR) of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and estimate the surface under cumulative rankings (SUCRA). A higher SUCRA indicates a better outcome.ResultsThis study included 23 RCTs involving a total of 20,853 patients. Overall, except for Dupilumab, mAbs did not significantly improve FEV1 compared to traditional conventional dichotomous agents. Among all the interventions included, Aclidinium bromide/Formoterol (AB/FF) (SUCRA 97.7%) ranked highest, followed by Umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) (SUCRA 93.5%), and Glycopyrrolate Formoterol Fumarate (GFF) (SUCRA 84.7%). Dupilumab (SUCRA 66.9%) ranked the fourth among all interventions but ranked the first among all the mAbs. Importantly, all mAbs demonstrated a good safety profile compared with placebo.ConclusionConsidering the improvement in FEV1 and its safety, the development of mAbs for COPD still holds significant clinical potential.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, CRD42023452714