Electromagnetic Lens-focusing Antenna Enabled Massive MIMO: Performance Improvement and Cost Reduction

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have been recently advanced to tremendously improve the performance of wireless communication networks. However, the use of very large antenna arrays at the base stations (BSs) brings new issues, such as the significantly increased hardware and signal processing costs. In order to reap the enormous gain of massive MIMO and yet reduce its cost to an affordable level, this paper proposes a novel system design by integrating an electromagnetic (EM) lens with the large antenna array, termed the EM-lens enabled MIMO. The EM lens has the capability of focusing the power of an incident wave to a small area of the antenna array, while the location of the focal area varies with the angle of arrival (AoA) of the wave. Therefore, in practical scenarios where the arriving signals from geographically separated users have different AoAs, the EM-lens enabled system provides two new benefits, namely energy focusing and spatial interference rejection. By taking into account the effects of imperfect channel estimation via pilot-assisted training, in this paper we analytically show that the average received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in both the single-user and multiuser uplink transmissions can be strictly improved by the EM-lens enabled system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed design makes it possible to considerably reduce the hardware and signal processing costs with only slight degradations in performance. To this end, two complexity/cost reduction schemes are proposed, which are small-MIMO processing with parallel receiver filtering applied over subgroups of antennas to reduce the computational complexity, and channel covariance based antenna selection to reduce the required number of radio frequency (RF) chains. Numerical results are provided to corroborate our analysis.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figure

On the Relation of Exercising of Patent Rights and Antimonopoly Law

Antimonopoly law provides exemption for the legitimate exercising of patent rights, casts regulation and control over the patent abuse. This article expounds the exemption subject, exemption condition, exemption occasion as well as exemption category, elucidates the relation of abuse behavior and antimonopoly law, puts forward concrete regulating approach on the patent abuse by antimonopoly law. Key words: legitimate exercising of patent rights, patent abuse, antimonopoly law Résumé: le juste exercice du droit de propriété industrielle est immunisé selon la loi antitrust, j’expose dans cette thèse l’objet, la condition, l’occasion et la catégorie de son immunité. Pourtant, l’abus du droit de propriété industrielle est restreint aussi selon la loi antitrust, j’explique la relation entre l’abus du droit de propriété industrielle et la loi antitrust, puis propose mon projet afin de restreindre l’abus du droit de propriété industrielle par la loi antitrust. Mots-Clés: le juste exercice du droit de propriété industrielle, l’abus du droit de propriété industrielle, la loi antitrus

Law-economics Analysis for the Restriction of Intellectual

The restriction of Intellectual property rights, as an important principle and system in the Intellectual property law, has its own existence of the reasonable economic basis. This thesis begins with the definition of intellectual asset rights, reveals that the intellectual asset has the double properties of private products and public products, and demonstrates the rationality of moderate private right protection. And then it revises the economic senses in the intellectual property system using the method of economic analysis, and analyzes the important role which intrinsic balance mechanism and exterior restriction mechanism play, to guarantee information resource configured liquidly and carried on effectively. Key words: Law-economics, Restriction of intellectual property rights, Pareto criterion Résumé: En tant que le principe et l’institution importants du droit de propriété intellectuelle, la restriction du droit de propriété intellectuelle existe sur la base rationnelle de la science économique. Je commence dans cette thèse par la délimitation du droit de propriété intellectuelle afin de découvrir sa double caractéristique: produit privé et produit public, et d’argumenter la rationalité de le protéger mesurément comme le droit privé. Et ensuite, j’étudie la raison économique de l’institution du droit de propriété intellectuelle, au moyen d’analyse économique, et j’explique l’importance de son mécanisme équilibré à l’intérieur et son mécanisme restreint à l’extérieur pour assurer la distribution facile et la fonction effective des resources informatiques. Mots-Clés: droit-économie, restriction du droit de propriété intellectuelle, critère de PARET

Social Costs of the Patent System

The patent system is making progress and incorporating international practice at a tremendous pace in China. However, scholars have been raising doubts to the benefits of the patent system. They believe that the social costs borne by the developing countries for the patent system exceed the overall economic gains in the current international circumstances. China’s current patent system indicates that there is a lack of sufficient understanding of the social costs and of the cost-benefit analysis of the patent system, which causes many controversies. Nowadays the related study is still struggling to quantify the social cost, while the qualitative analysis is highly disputed. However, an anatomy of the social costs is necessary to take specific cost control measures for the purpose of establishing an economically more efficient patent system suitable under China’s current circumstances. Key words: Patent, Social Costs, Patent System Résumé: Pas à pas, la construction sur le système de patente en Chine est bien développé avec les coûtumes internationals, relativement, les savants sont suspicieux sur l'éfficacité de ce système parce qu'il a déséquilibré le coût social des pays en développements avec le profit économic du monde entier, les pays en développements sont bien inquiets. Le système de patente chinois a un grand défaut dont l'analyse sur le coût-l'éfficacité n'est pas suffisante，et il provoque pas mal de contestation. Maintenat, l'analyse sur le coût social du système de patente n'a pas encore fait une conclusion précise, mais il est nécessaire de bien analyzer de divers coûts sociaux quand on forge le système de patente, afin qu'on puisse fonder un système qui peut bien contrôler le coût et peut bien adaptable à la situation du pays. Mots-Clés: La patente, le système de patente, le coût socia

N′-Diphenyl­methyl­ene-2-hydroxy­benzohydrazide

The title compound, C20H16N2O2, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-hydroxy­benzohydrazide with diphenyl­methanone. The dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 76.28 (11)°. The amino H atom is involved in an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal structure, the hydr­oxy groups and carbonyl O atoms form inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into chains running along the b axis

Revisit assignments of the new excited Ωc\Omega_c states with QCD sum rules

In this article, we distinguish the contributions of the positive parity and negative parity $\Omega_c$ states, study the masses and pole residues of the 1S, 1P, 2S and 2P $\Omega_c$ states with the spin $J=\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{3}{2}$ using the QCD sum rules in a consistent way, and revisit the assignments of the new narrow excited $\Omega_c^0$ states. The predictions support assigning the $\Omega_c(3000)$ to be the 1P $\Omega_c$ state with $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^-$, assigning the $\Omega_c(3090)$ to be the 1P $\Omega_c$ state with $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^-$ or the 2S $\Omega_c$ state with $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^+$, and assigning $\Omega_c(3119)$ to be the 2S $\Omega_c$ state with $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^+$.Comment: 19 pages, 22 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1705.0774