SUBJECT INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AS MEANS OF FORMATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PROFESSIONALS

Informatization and unprecedented advances in technology make it necessary to adapt the development of skills in the information society. At present, information and communication competence becomes an urgent need and a prerequisite for the success of future specialists, so it is necessary to increase the efficiency of work, to communicate, to access information and to receive services. Information and communicative competence of a future expert is a complex formed by the individual qualities that provide flexibility and willingness to change; efficiency of professional work in the conditions of informatization of a modern society in order to acquire information and communicative competence. Despite numerous studies of the problem connected with the formation of information and communication competence, the actual level of knowledge and skills of graduates of Russian schools in this area is quite low. Therefore the problem of the search tools to more effectively develop the information and communication competence of a future specialist is highly relevant. Today information educational environment becomes one of the main means of training meeting the requirements of a competence approach. These features are provided by the didactic specificity of methodological support of educational environment, by shifting the emphasis from educational activity of the teacher to the use of active and interactive teaching methods, active and independent cognitive activity of students; orientation in learning not only to the result of training, but also the process of development of new information and applying it to produce results; giving students the freedom of choice of means of implementation of the training task. Subject information and educational environment can be defined as an open educational system formed on the basis of information of educational resources, computer training facilities, modern means of communication, educational technology which is aimed at the formation of creative, intellectual and social development of the individual. As the theoretical research and practical experience show, the subject e-learning environment in combination with active and interactive teaching methods, individual and group creative tasks in the context of future professional activity of a specialist is one of the leading factors in the formation of its information and communication competence. The author describes in detail the stages of the electronic textbook development, as well as web quests in the teaching of philological sciences at the university, and enumerates a number of advantages of their use

PROBLEM APPROACH TO THE STUDY LITERARY SUBJECTS IN PEDAGOGICAL HIGH SCHOOL

The article describes a problematic approach in the study of literary disciplines in pedagogical high school. The success of problem-based learning is largely dependent on the correctness of methodical thinking university professors of all the amount of work on this or that discipline, as well as the following tasks: determination through theoretical and practical problems (macro-tasks) and specification of them in relation to each lecture (mikrozadachi), the definition of thematic content course, partitioning for information and illustrative presentation and selection of practical problems; Organization of finding solutions to problems (production and formulation of the problem, the creation of an independent activity of algorithms for solving problems of creative and exploratory nature); checking the degree of assimilation search techniques and evaluation of scientific and practical results, and comparative analysis of the expected results; analysis of the teacher of his work. Problem approach, implemented on a lecture or lab, requires active management of cognitive activity of students. The object of problem-based learning should be a part of the knowledge of the material, outlines the teacher and students learn

ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY AS A MEANS OF ORGANIZING INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS

In the context of the modernization of Russian higher education, training should be built on a differentiated basis, have a problematic and developing character. The main purpose of higher education is to prepare a graduate who is not just knowledgeable but who knows how to apply his knowledge. In this regard, there is a need for continuous self-education and self-development, in the development of selection skills useful for students of professional development and improvement of information. At the same time the efforts of the teacher should be aimed at creating an environment focused on independence, interactivity, productivity of students' activities, an environment that provides an opportunity to form an individual educational experience of a student moving along their own educational path. To organize effective independent work of students it is advisable to create an integrated system for organizing this work based on the information and educational environment of the university. The article presents the experience of organizing independent work of students of the Arzamas branch of Nizhny NovgorodStateUniversity through the electronic information and educational environment of the university. The article describes the developed electronic courses in the disciplines of the psychological-pedagogical cycle, shows the importance of such areas of independent work of students when using the electronic educational environment of the university as the search for the necessary information; preparation for practical, laboratory, seminar classes; preparation for the survey, colloquium; test preparation; preparation for tests and other types of written test works; preparation for various competitions, contests and more

WEB-QWEST AS A FORM OF ORGANIZATION OF INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS

The article is devoted to the organization of independent work of students enrolled in the direction of teacher training based on web quests. An example of an educational web quest for the 3rd year is the “Inclusive School”. One of the leading directions of development of the system of higher pedagogical education is the strengthening of the practice-oriented orientation of the study of disciplines, including the educational cycle. This concerns not only an increase in the share of active and interactive methods in teaching, an increased attention to organizing and conducting internships in educational institutions, but also a change in the approach to organizing independent work of bachelor students. Much attention is increasingly given to increasing the level of information and communication competence of future teachers (electronic libraries and educational Internet portals are the main source of educational information for modern students), it is advisable to use information and communication technologies as an organizational and substantive basis for independent work. This approach to the organization of independent work involves the development of tasks by teachers using Internet technologies, which, depending on the type of task, can be performed online or offline. Tasks for independent work can be directed to an independent search in the network with the subsequent processing of information about a specific problem; on the organization of interaction in the network; create web pages; conduct educational research, social or educational projects. The forms for presenting the results may also vary: text documents (with hyperlinks), databases of multimedia presentations, web pages, web quests. Particular attention, in our opinion, should be paid to teaching real web quests. A web quest is considered as an activity-oriented didactic model that provides for students' independent search work on the Internet. As a form of organizing independent work, a web quest has several advantages, including: increased student motivation; activation of individual or group activities; more efficiently use the understanding of the time allotted for independent work of students; the ability to not only integrate different types of assignments and forms of providing results, but also to vary the level of difficulty of the task for independent work, the duration of implementation, the number of performers

THE SEX SYSTEM OF THE POPULATION OF SAGITTARIA SAITTIFOLIA AS AN INDICATOR OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF A RIVER

The ecological state of small rivers that define the water regime of the territory, as well as the water supply of larger rivers, the quality of their waters is a matter of a serious concern. The ecosystems of watercourses in urban areas exposed to pollution by industrial and domestic wastes are under the maximum anthropogenic load. Bioindicative methods, which let to assess directly the status of aquatic ecosystems and their individual components, occupy an important place in the system of ecological monitoring of water bodies. Plants respond to toxicants in an aquatic habitat by the abnormality of biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoids and other pigments, change of mineral balance, phytohormones, which leads to a change in their reproductive differentiation. In this regard, water quality assessment was carried out on the basis of chemical analysis and bioindication concerning Sagittaria sagittifolia populations in the upper and middle stream ways of the river Tyosha flowing through the Nizhny Novgorod region. The article presents the results of some organoleptic and chemical parameters such as pH level of overall hardness, concentration of nitrates and nitrites, ions of ammonium, phosphates, mercury, concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the water. It was detected that there were exceeding quantities of ammonium ions, nitrite ions, phosphates in the water of all ranges of the river Tyosha, and also high content of iron in the downstreams of the river. The findings suggest that the reproductive structure of arrowhead inflorescences can serve as a bio-indicator of the degree of water pollution. The harder the environmental conditions of the plant habitat in the water body, the more intensive is a shift in the ratio of flowers to the feminine side. It has been shown that due to the deterioration of environmental conditions, the number of compound inflorescences of the arrowhead and the numbers of whorls in them decrease and, on the other hand, there is an increase in the percentage of plants with simple typical inflorescences. A credible shift in the reproductive ratio of arrowhead inflorescences to the female side is spotted on the downstream river station near Lukoyanov and industrial community Shatky, where the complex of environmental factors for its growth is the least favorable. It was established that anthropogenic pollution of the river has a negative effect on the reproductive sphere of Sagittaria sagittifolia, causing a reduction in pollen fertility, which is confirmed by the chemical analysis of water. On the basis of the studies the assessment of the ecological status of the water in the Tyosha river was given

PEDAGOGICAL POTENTIAL OF APPLIED CREATIVITY MEANS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING AND INFORMATIVE INTEREST OF YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN

At the present stage to find new ways and opportunities for the development of educational - cognitive interest of the student. In the course of this search is rather difficult to overestimate the positive impact of modern information technologies in the development of the child. Digital technology is increasingly penetrating our everyday lives and are a powerful tool for development and training. However, the student is increasingly in a virtual world, and eventually the younger generation lost its national identity. Folk art in our multinational country holds a special place. It reflects the originality, poetry, simplicity and wisdom of the views of the Russian people; It brings the best features of the national character. The study of this problem is one of the objectives of our study. The article discusses the implementation of the pedagogical potential of national applied creativity by means of information and communication technologies in primary education in the process of teaching and educational interest

EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF CERTAIN SPECIES OF THE GENUS SALIX

Plant organisms actively respond to changes in the natural components of their environment. A sensitive indicator of the adaptation of the plant organism to the environment is the state of the reproductive system. The article discusses the results of a study of the sex composition of populations and the quality of pollen grains of two species of the genus Salix. The peculiarities of the sexual sphere Salix fragilis and Salix dasyclados revealed during the work show the feminizing effect on the sexual structure of the populations of these types of anthropogenic factors. During the increase of stress conditions the level of vitality and fertilizing ability of pollen grains decreases. The results of the study confirm the possibility of using these plants as bioindicators of the environment

SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A COMPONENT OF EDUCATIONAL AREA OF THE HIGH SCHOOL

Currently, there is an active process of expanding the educational space, including the higher education of the Russian Federation, at the expense of informatization. Informatization of educational area of higher education is impossible without using web-technologies and, such as social networks. The authors of the article suggest social networks to be understood as a working version of an “interactive multi-user website that implements a network social structure consisting of a group of nodes — social objects (groups of people, communities) and links between them (social relationships), on the basis of which participants can establish relationship with each other. Currently, there are several main functions of social networks: educational; adaptive (acts as a resource of adaptation); compensatory (replacing institutional mechanisms of adaptation); informational (supports communication between authors of social interaction); transit (allows an individual to make the transition along the social ladder); coordination; social support functions (strengthen communication within and outside the network) and the function of a sociocultural marker. Social networks, speaking as a special social space of the Internet, have become the sphere in which traditional forms of socialization and social relations are transformed, and communication as a type of leisure activity becomes possible not in the traditional form of direct live communication, but acquires the features of simple communication. The authors state that at present using social networks in the educational area of the higher school of the Russian Federation is minimal. The network educational community on the basis of a social network - a virtual educational environment - is necessary, first of all, for students who have difficulties in communicating directly or need additional knowledge and skills that an educational institution cannot provide. From the point of view of education, social networks can be: freely available (non-specialized networks for which professional communities are not paramount and purely professional communities of practice) and in a corporate format (free-access networks; not specialized (“general profile” network)). The advent of Web 2.0 has expanded the possibilities of using social networks in education, has changed the attitude to the Internet as a whole, and teachers have begun to more actively use the Internet services for educational and educational purposes, in extracurricular activities and creative activities. It has already been experimentally proven that network communities can serve as pedagogical practices for development: co-thinking, tolerance, mastering decentralized models, critical thinking

CREATION OF THE PROGRAM OF INTEGRATED TRAINING OF FIRST-LEARNING IN THE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Adaptation problems for first-year students are inevitable, they are social, pedagogical, psychological and subjective or objective. Teachers of the university need to be able to foresee them and some to prevent, classify and be able to organize assistance to students in solving these problems, and organize educational work as a curator of the student group. One of the objective problems is the change of the educational space and the measures of responsibility for learning outcomes. The article presents the experience of creating a program for the comprehensive support of freshmen at a pedagogical university.

INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AS A MEANS OF FORMATION OF COMMON CULTURAL AND PROFESSIONAL STUDENTS’ COMPETENCIES IN PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTES

The article describes the interactive forms and technologies that contribute to the formation of common cultural and professional competencies in students in pedagogical high school. Interactivity - is "the ability to interact with or be in the mode of dialogue" When traditional methods of teaching dialogue is possible only as the interaction between "teacher - student" and "teacher - student group (audience)", then the interactive learning in addition to this dialogue is constructed as the interaction "disciple - disciple" (work in pairs), "student - student group" (group work), "student - audience" or "group of students - the audience" (presentation of group work), "student - computer", "student - a work of art. According to the authors, the implementation in practice of the Higher School of interactive teaching methods improve the efficiency of the educational process, will teach students on the basis of acquired knowledge, not only to deepen the understanding of the theory, but also to solve the problematic issues, to analyze complex teaching situations, to work together, allow to enrich their own experience , to develop the necessary common cultural and professional competence of future teachers, and most importantly - ensures successful operation and competitiveness of graduates in their chosen professional field