The impacts of team based learning (TBL) on students’ performance according to BOLs of the most recent ophthalmology exam before the clerkship.

<p>The impacts of team based learning (TBL) on students’ performance according to BOLs of the most recent ophthalmology exam before the clerkship.</p

Sex differences in test performance of team-based learning (TBL) students.

<p>T-test for differences of means.*The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.</p

Students’ questionnaire responses to team-based learning (TBL) courses: comparisons between gender and quartile students (1 –strongly disagree, 6 –strongly agree)(85 students).

<p>Students’ questionnaire responses to team-based learning (TBL) courses: comparisons between gender and quartile students (1 –strongly disagree, 6 –strongly agree)(85 students).</p

The effect of group learning on students’ performance: comparison of the IRAT and GRAT scores according to BOLs of the most recent ophthalmology exam before the clerkship.

<p>By the paired t-test. *The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Individual Readiness Assurance Test (IRAT), Group Readiness Assurance Test (GRAT), Group Application Problem (GAP).</p

Primer sequences used for RT-PCR.

<p>Primer sequences used for RT-PCR.</p

Rates of apoptosis in LSC grown in CnT-20 and ESC-CM.

<p>(A) Representative flow cytometry images showing apoptotic LSC (P0, P1 …P6) in ESC-CM and CnT-20 media. (B) Rates of apoptosis of LSC (P0, P1…P6) in ESC-CM and CnT-20 media.</p

The functional properties of FAK/Wnt signaling pathways in the maintenance of the biological characteristics in the LSC cultured in ESC-CM system.

<p>(A) The expression levels of pFAK, FAK, pAkt, Akt, pGSK3β, GSK3β and p21 in the ESC-CM, ESC-CM+FAK inhibitor14 ESC-CM+GSK3β inhibitor or ESC-CM+SiRNA-TERT group. (B) The expression level of β-catenin of LSC cultured in ESC-CM after treatment with Wnt3a in the absence or presence of Dkk1. (C) MTT proliferation assay of LSC cultured in ESC-CM after treatment with Wnt3a in the absence or presence of Dkk1. Data are expressed as the mean±SD (n = 3;*,p<0.05;**, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001).</p

The LSC cultured in different media.

<p>(A) Before reaching 100% confluence, the cells cultured in ESC-CM had small cell size with nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, while the cells in CnT-20 exhibited larger morphology. And the TDC cells were tightly packed and highly elongated. (B) Clonal growth of LSC at day 7 in ESC-CM,CnT-20, or TDCwithout a feeder layer. (C) Representative immunofluorescence staining images of CK3 in LSCcultured in ESC-CM, CnT-20, and ESC-CM withdrawn group. (D) Percentage of colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of LSC at day 7 in ESC-CM, CnT-20, or TDC. (E) Percentages of positive cells stained for CK3 in ESC-CM, CnT-20, and ESC-CM withdrawn group. Data are expressed as the mean±SD (n = 3;**, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001).</p

Model graph for the functional role of the ES micro-environment in LSC.

<p>The telomerase-p21-mitochondrial axis, telomerase activity and the activation of the FAK/Wnt signaling pathways enhance the maintenance of undifferentiated status and the inhibition of apoptosis in human limbal stem cells cultured in ESC-CM.</p

Expression percentages of telomerase activity in LSC in each group.

<p>Expression percentages of telomerase activity in LSC in each group.</p