2 research outputs found
Interconversion between Methoxylated and Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Rice Plants: An Important but Overlooked Metabolic Pathway
To date, there is limited knowledge
on the methoxylation of polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) and the relationship between hydroxylated polychlorinated
biphenyls (OH-PCBs) and methoxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (MeO-PCBs)
in organisms. In this study, rice (Oryza sativa L.) was chosen as the model organism to determine the metabolism
of PCBs in plants. Limited para-substituted 4′-OH-CB-61 (major
metabolite) and 4′-MeO-CB-61 (minor metabolite) were found
after a 5-day exposure to CB-61, while ortho- and meta-substituted
products were not detected. Interconversion between OH-PCBs and MeO-PCBs
in organisms was observed for the first time. The demethylation ratio
of 4′-MeO-CB-61 was 18 times higher than the methylation ratio
of 4′-OH-CB-61, indicating that formation of OH-PCBs was easier
than formation of MeO-PCBs. The transformation products were generated
in the roots after 24 h of exposure. The results of in vivo and in
vitro exposure studies show that the rice itself played a key role
in the whole transformation processes, while endophytes were jointly
responsible for hydroxylation of PCBs and demethylation of MeO-PCBs.
Metabolic pathways of PCBs, OH-PCBs, and MeO-PCBs in intact rice plants
are proposed. The findings are important in understanding the fate
of PCBs and the source of OH-PCBs in the environment
Additional file 1: of Genome-wide comparative analysis of putative Pth11-related G protein-coupled receptors in fungi belonging to Pezizomycotina
Chromosomal distribution of putative F. graminearum Pth11-related GPCR genes. Chromosome numbers are shown at the top of the chromosomes. (TIFF 39 kb