Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Tendon and Tendon–Bone Healing: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies

Exosomes have been proven to play a positive role in tendon and tendon–bone healing. Here, we systematically review the literature to evaluate the efficacy of exosomes in tendon and tendon–bone healing. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature was performed on 21 January 2023. The electronic databases searched included Medline (through PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Ovid. In the end, a total of 1794 articles were systematically reviewed. Furthermore, a “snowball” search was also carried out. Finally, forty-six studies were included for analysis, with the total sample size being 1481 rats, 416 mice, 330 rabbits, 48 dogs, and 12 sheep. In these studies, exosomes promoted tendon and tendon–bone healing and displayed improved histological, biomechanical and morphological outcomes. Some studies also suggested the mechanism of exosomes in promoting tendon and tendon–bone healing, mainly through the following aspects: (1) suppressing inflammatory response and regulating macrophage polarization; (2) regulating gene expression, reshaping cell microenvironment and reconstructing extracellular matrix; (3) promoting angiogenesis. The risk of bias in the included studies was low on the whole. This systematic review provides evidence of the positive effect of exosomes on tendon and tendon–bone healing in preclinical studies. The unclear-to-low risk of bias highlights the significance of standardization of outcome reporting. It should be noted that the most suitable source, isolation methods, concentration and administration frequency of exosomes are still unknown. Additionally, few studies have used large animals as subjects. Further studies may be required on comparing the safety and efficacy of different treatment parameters in large animal models, which would be conducive to the design of clinical trials

Effects of Nano Chinese Herbal Medicine Feed Additive on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Disease Resistance of Chickens

[Objectives] To explore the effects of nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive on growth performance, meat quality and disease resistance of chickens. [Methods] Chickens were fed with nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive developed by Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, including 120 chickens in the treatment group and 120 chickens in the control group (CK). The growth performance indices (body weight gain, feed to gain ratio and slaughter index), meat quality indices (pH value, color, drip loss, shear force) and disease resistance indices (morbidity and mortality) of the chickens in the treatment and CK groups were recorded and determined, respectively. [Results] The inclusion of 2% nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the diet significantly increased the growth rate, reduced the feed-to-gain ratio and improved the meat quality of the chickens. Supplementing Chinese herbal medicine could increase the pH value and reduce the drip loss and shear force of chicken meat. At the same time, the body’s immune function, antioxidant level and resistance against diseases of the chickens fed with nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive were improved. [Conclusions] The inclusion of nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the diet can improve the growth performance, meat quality and disease resistance of chickens

Underground cable modeling and sheath grounding fault simulation

The modeling of single core cable has an important influence on the calculation of cable sheath cross-connected grounding current and voltage. A suitable equivalent circuit can greatly reduce the complexity of the model. In this paper, the theoretical calculation of π type equivalent circuit of cable is analyzed, and the equivalent circuit of cable sheath grounding system is analyzed. Then the calculation equation of sheath circulation and induced voltage is obtained. Finally, by simulating two kinds of sheath grounding faults, two kinds of sheath grounding fault location are summarized

Estimation of surface water content at the Tianwen-1 Zhurong landing site

China’s first Mars rover, Zhurong, successfully landed in the south of Utopia Planitia. The surface water content at the landing area can provide constraints on mineral formation conditions and help us better understand the evolution of the Martian aqueous and geological environment. In this work, the surface kinetic temperature of the Zhurong landing area was derived by analyzing data from the Mars Express Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activité (OMEGA) spectrometer. Using the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (DISORT) model, we performed atmospheric correction and thermal correction for the OMEGA data to obtain the surface effective single-particle absorption thickness (ESPAT) parameter to evaluate the surface water content. The surface water content distribution at the landing area was relatively uniform at a lateral scale of ~10 km. At the Zhurong landing site, the surface water content in the topmost layer (a few hundred micrometers) of the regolith was 5−8 weight percent water (wt% H2O), assuming surface particle sizes of <45 μm, or 1.6−2.5 wt% H2O, assuming surface particle sizes in the range of 125−250 μm. The Mars Surface Composition Detector (MarSCoDe) onboard Zhurong also observed significant H2O/OH signals in the landing area. Our results provide an important regional context for the hydration state of the area and can be further verified by the H content derived from the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometer (LIBS) data of MarSCoDe

Feeding Management and Disease Prevention and Control of Pet Guinea Pigs

Guinea pig is widely used in clinical drug experiments as a laboratory animal. Because of its small and lovely size, guinea pig is often kept as a pet by many families. However, there are few reports on the feeding management and disease prevention and control of pet guinea pigs. This article introduced the experience and technology of feeding management and disease prevention of pet guinea pigs, in order to provide a reference for the feeding management and disease prevention of pet guinea pigs

Advantages of Animal Husbandry Industry in China's Fight against Poverty

Poverty alleviation needs developing the industries related to the economic income. Only when the industry develops, can the income of the poverty-stricken people be increased fundamentally, accordingly help eradicate the poverty from the root cause. Compared with other industries, the animal husbandry industry has unique advantages for poverty alleviation and assistance in poverty alleviation. The animal husbandry breeding industry is characterized by short breeding time, relatively high economic income, and farmers do not need a high educational level, so the breeding threshold is low. For poverty-stricken farmers, this is a feasible way to help them get rid of poverty. Combined with the experience of poverty alleviation through developing the animal husbandry industry, this paper discussed the development advantages of the animal husbandry industry in poverty alleviation, analyzed the main ways of exerting and applying the advantages. It is intended to provide a certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation through developing the animal husbandry industry

Effects of Fermented Nano Chinese Herbal Medicines Replacing Antibiotics on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Growing-Finishing Pigs

[Objectives] To study the effects of fermented nano Chinese herbal medicines replacing antibiotics on the production performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs. [Methods] 200 healthy and disease-free Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire (DLY) growing-finishing pigs with similar birth time (45 ± 2 d) and body weight of about 31.5 kg were randomly divided into group A (fed with non-antibiotic basal diet), group B (fed with antibiotic basal diet), group C (fed with non-antibiotic basal diet + 0.1% fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation), group D (fed with non-antibiotic basal diet + 0.3% fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation) and group E (fed with non-antibiotic basal diet + 0.5% fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation). The experiment lasted for 90 d. At the end of the experiment, the production performance and carcass indicators were measured. [Results] Compared with group A, the final weight, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of groups B, C, D and E were extremely significantly increased (P＜ 0.01), while the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) was extremely significantly decreased (P＜ 0.01). Compared with group B, the ADG of group E was significantly increased (P＜0.05), while the F/G was significantly decreased (P＜ 0.05). Compared with group A, the slaughter rate and carcass length of pigs in groups B, C, D and E were extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01); compared with group B, the slaughter rate of groups D and E was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01). [Conclusions] The fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation has better effects in promoting growth are better than that of antibiotic additives, and it can significantly improve the carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs

Feeding Management and Disease Prevention and Control of Pet Guinea Pigs

Guinea pig is widely used in clinical drug experiments as a laboratory animal. Because of its small and lovely size, guinea pig is often kept as a pet by many families. However, there are few reports on the feeding management and disease prevention and control of pet guinea pigs. This article introduced the experience and technology of feeding management and disease prevention of pet guinea pigs, in order to provide a reference for the feeding management and disease prevention of pet guinea pigs