The Impact of Green Disclosure Nudging in Online Reuse Markets: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

As the environment continues to deteriorate, for managers, the means of shifting consumer behavior to green is urgently needed. Information disclosure as a tactic to promote green consumption has been widely studied, which typically stimulates demand for new green products through cost disclosure. In contrast, the impact of environmental benefit information disclosure on green consumption, especially on online reuse platforms, remains to be ascertained. In this study, we examine the economic effects of a green disclosure nudge through a natural experiment. Drawing on daily sales data, we find that the green disclosure nudge can stimulate consumer demand and generate economic benefits. We provide suggestive evidence that this positive effect stems from an increase in consumers’ perceptions of the functional and symbolic value of used products, respectively. In addition, exploratory analysis shows that the nudge may have potential social benefits. The findings provide practical and theoretical implications for promoting green consumption

Continuous flow homogeneous hydroformylation of 1-octene over supported ionic liquid phase rhodium catalysts using supercritical CO₂

The hydroformylation of 1-octene with supported ionic liquid phase catalyst was demonstrated when using a system involving the substrate, reacting gases and products in CO₂ and N₂ flow over a fixed bed supported ionic liquid phase catalyst (silica gel and carbon aerogels as solid support respectively) at different system pressures. Yields, reaction rates, selectivities and rhodium leaching were all monitored. A pressure of CO₂ flow just below the critical point of the flowing mixture (106 bar at 100 °C if no 1-octene has been converted) was the best condition for the hydroformylation. It gave the highest acitivity (conversion to aldehyde up to 70 %), fastest reaction (TOF up to 575.3 h⁻¹) and best stable selectivity ( l:b ratio reaching 3.37 ). The utilization of scCO₂ as reaction media leads to remarkable stability of the catalyst. The supercritical or near critical (expanded liquid) system completely overcame the progressive decrease in activity of catalyst at 50, 75 bar with liquid phase transport and also showed much better results than when using other gas flows such as N₂ flow at 100 bar. In the high pressure scCO₂ phase, the concentration of 1-octene at the catalyst bed was reduced so that the conversion to aldehyde was reduced. The pore size and surface groups of the solid support should be suitable for the SILP catalyst consisting of metal complex, excess ligand and ionic liquid. Using microporous carbon aerogels as the supports, whether activated or not, gave disappointing results

Superplasticity of Annealed H13 Steel

H13 steel is a widely used hot work die material. A new type of hot working method is imperative to develop complex and precise dies. In this paper, the heat treatment of H13 steel (AISI) was carried out by annealing, the final structure is a point or spherical pearlite, and the grain size is about 30–40 μm. The tensile properties of the annealed microstructure were investigated at 650, 750, and 850 °C with the strain rates of 1 × 10−3 s−1, 5 × 10−4 s−1, and 1 × 10−4 s−1. The tensile fracture and microstructure were analyzed by SEM and HREM. The results show that the tensile samples reach superplasticity at the strain rate of 1 × 10−4 s−1 in the temperature range of 750–850 °C. When the temperature is 850 °C, the maximum elongation rate reaches 112.5%. This demonstrates the possibility of making superplastic forming molds. During the tensile process, the refined M23C6 and other high hardness carbides which are dispersed uniformly in the matrix, effectively inhibits grain growth and hinders dislocation movement, leading to the improvement of plasticity

Superplastic Deformation Mechanisms of Superfine/Nanocrystalline Duplex PM-TiAl-Based Alloy

In this paper, the equiaxed superfine/nanocrystalline duplex PM-TiAl-based alloy with (γ + α2) microstructure, Ti-45Al-5Nb (at %), has been synthesized by high-energy ball milling and vacuum hot pressing sintering. Superplastic deformation behavior has been investigated at 1000 °C and 1050 °C with strain rates from 5 × 10−5 s−1 to 1 × 10−3 s−1. The effects of deformation on the microstructure and mechanical behaviors of high Nb containing TiAl alloy have been characterized and analyzed. The results showed that, the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy was 58.7 MPa at 1000 °C and 10.5 MPa at 1050 °C with a strain rate of 5 × 10−5 s−1, while the elongation was 121% and 233%, respectively. The alloy exhibited superplastic elongation at 1000 and 1050 °C with an exponent (m) of 0.48 and 0.45. The main softening mechanism was dynamic recrystallization of γ grains; the dislocation slip and γ/γ interface twinning were responsible for superplastic deformation. The orientation relationship of γ/γ interface twinning obeyed the classical one: (001)γ//(110)γ

Biphasic and Flow Systems Involving Water or Supercritical Fluids

Two processes are described for improving reaction rates for relatively hydrophobic substrates in aqueous biphasic systems. In the first, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Octmim]Br) increases the rate of hydroformylation of 1-octene from 8% conversion in 24 h to full conversion of 1.5 h. Phase separation is fast and catalyst retention is good. 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide gives little rate enhancement, whilst 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide gives stable emulsions., The mechanism of action of these additives is discussed. In the second approach, functionalising PPh3 with amidine groups allows the rhodium catalysed hydroformylation of 1-octene in toluene with a very high reaction rate. The catalyst can be switched between toluene and water by bubbling CO2 and back into toluene by bubbling N-2 at 60 A degrees C. This switching has been used to separate the catalyst from hydrophobic (from 1-octene) or hydrophilic (from allyl alcohol) aldehydes obtained from hydroformylation reactions. CO2 expanded liquids have been shown to be effective media for transporting substrates and catalysts over supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysts. The advantages offered over all gas phase and liquid phase catalysts are discussed.</p

Time-resolved dynamic dilution introduction for ion mobility spectrometry and its application in end-tidal propofol monitoring

Based on the adsorption of analytes in the sampling loop, a time-resolved dynamic dilution introduction method was developed for negative ion mobility spectrometry to continuously monitor end-tidal propofol without other sample pre-separation. The dynamic dilution characteristics of propofol and moisture in the Teflon sample loop (4 mm o. d. and 2.4 mm i. d., 150 cm length) were both theoretically and experimentally investigated. The prominent absorption differences between propofol and moisture on the inwall of the sample loop allowed their concentrations to be time-resolved during the injection process, realizing sensitive measurement of end-tidal propofol with a response time of 2 s. At the optimized carrier gas flow rate of 700 mL min(-1), the linear response range for propofol was achieved to be 0.2 to 20 ppbv with a limit of detection (LOD) of 65 pptv. Finally, this method was performed on a patient undergoing mastectomy surgery to continuously monitor the end-tidal propofol with an interval of five respirations and the result nicely demonstrated its fast response to the propofol changes

Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Variation in Land Subsidence on the Beijing Plain, China

Since the 1970s, land subsidence has been rapidly developing on the Beijing Plain, and the systematic study of the evolutionary mechanism of this subsidence is of great significance in the sustainable development of the regional economy. On the basis of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) results, this study employed the Mann–Kendall method for the first time to determine the mutation information of land subsidence on the Beijing Plain from 2004 to 2015. By combining the hydrogeological conditions, “southern water” project, and other data, we attempted to analyse the reasons for land subsidence mutations. First, on the basis of ENVISAT ASAR and RADARSAT-2 data, the land subsidence of the Beijing Plain was determined while using small baseline interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) and Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI). Second, on the basis of the Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, vector data of displacement under different scales were obtained. Through a series of tests, a scale of 960 metres was selected as the research unit and the displacement rate from 2004 to 2015 was obtained. Finally, a trend analysis of land subsidence was carried out on the basis of the Mann–Kendall mutation test. The results showed that single-year mutations were mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the Yongding River alluvial fan and the Chaobai River alluvial fan. Among these mutations, the greatest numbers occurred in 2015 and 2005, being 1344 and 915, respectively. The upper and middle alluvial fan of the Chaobai River, the vicinity of the emergency water sources, and the edge of the groundwater funnel have undergone several mutations. Combining hydrogeological data of the study area and the impact of the south-to-north water transfer project, we analysed the causes of these mutations. The experimental results can quantitatively verify the mutation information of land subsidence in conjunction with time series to further elucidate the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of land subsidence in the study area