14 research outputs found
MODMA dataset: a Multi-modal Open Dataset for Mental-disorder Analysis
According to the World Health Organization, the number of mental disorder
patients, especially depression patients, has grown rapidly and become a
leading contributor to the global burden of disease. However, the present
common practice of depression diagnosis is based on interviews and clinical
scales carried out by doctors, which is not only labor-consuming but also
time-consuming. One important reason is due to the lack of physiological
indicators for mental disorders. With the rising of tools such as data mining
and artificial intelligence, using physiological data to explore new possible
physiological indicators of mental disorder and creating new applications for
mental disorder diagnosis has become a new research hot topic. However, good
quality physiological data for mental disorder patients are hard to acquire. We
present a multi-modal open dataset for mental-disorder analysis. The dataset
includes EEG and audio data from clinically depressed patients and matching
normal controls. All our patients were carefully diagnosed and selected by
professional psychiatrists in hospitals. The EEG dataset includes not only data
collected using traditional 128-electrodes mounted elastic cap, but also a
novel wearable 3-electrode EEG collector for pervasive applications. The
128-electrodes EEG signals of 53 subjects were recorded as both in resting
state and under stimulation; the 3-electrode EEG signals of 55 subjects were
recorded in resting state; the audio data of 52 subjects were recorded during
interviewing, reading, and picture description. We encourage other researchers
in the field to use it for testing their methods of mental-disorder analysis
Ethyl Cyanoacetate: A New Cyanating Agent for the Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides
A new Pd-catalyzed cyanation reaction has been discovered using ethyl cyanoacetate as the cyanating reagent. A variety of electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl halides were efficiently converted into their corresponding nitriles in good to excellent yields
<i>Phytophthora sojae</i> Effector PsAvh113 Targets Transcription Factors in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>
Phytophthora sojae is a type of pathogenic oomycete that causes Phytophthora root stem rot (PRSR), which can seriously affect the soybean yield and quality. To subvert immunity, P. sojae secretes a large quantity of effectors. However, the molecular mechanisms regulated by most P. sojae effectors, and their host targets remain unexplored. Previous studies have shown that the expression of PsAvh113, an effector secreted by Phytophthora sojae, enhances viral RNA accumulations and symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana via VIVE assay. In this study, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data based on disease symptoms in N. benthamiana leaves that were either mocked or infiltrated with PVX carrying the empty vector (EV) and PsAvh113. We identified 1769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) dependent on PsAvh113. Using stricter criteria screening and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of DEGs, we found that 38 genes were closely enriched in response to PsAvh113 expression. We selected three genes of N. benthamiana (NbNAC86, NbMyb4, and NbERF114) and found their transcriptional levels significantly upregulated in N. benthamiana infected with PVX carrying PsAvh113. Furthermore, individual silencing of these three genes promoted P. capsici infection, while their overexpression increased resistance to P. capsici in N. benthamiana. Our results show that PsAvh113 interacts with transcription factors NbMyb4 and NbERF114 in vivo. Collectively, these data may help us understand the pathogenic mechanism of effectors and manage PRSR in soybeans
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Causes Oxidative Stress and Tapetal Apoptosis in Chemical Hybridization Reagent-Induced Male Sterility in Wheat
Male sterility in plants has been strongly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Chemical hybridization agent (CHA)-induced male sterility is an important tool in crop heterosis. Therefore, it is important to better understand the relationship between mitochondria and CHA-induced male sterility in wheat. This study reports on the impairment of mitochondrial function duo to CHA-SQ-1, which occurs by decreasing cytochrome oxidase and adenosine triphosphate synthase protein levels and theirs activities, respiratory rate, and in turn results in the inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of the alternative oxidase pathway. Subsequently, excessive ROS combined with MnSOD defects results in damage to the mitochondrial membrane, followed by ROS release into the cytoplasm. The microspores underwent severe oxidative stress during pollen development. Furthermore, chronic oxidative stress, together with the overexpression of type II metacaspase, triggered premature tapetal apoptosis, which resulted in pollen abortion. Accordingly, we propose a metabolic pathway for mitochondrial-mediated male sterility in wheat, which provides information on the molecular events underlying CHA-SQ-1-induced abortion of anthers and may serve as an additional guide to the practical application of hybrid breeding