Biomass accumulation (mean ± SE, N = 8) and relative neighbor effect index (RNE; mean ± SE, N = 8) of <i>Carex brevicuspis</i> growing at two burial depths and three <i>Polygonum hydropiper</i> densities.

<p>Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 significance level.</p

Summary of two-way ANOVA analyses for biomass accumulation, RNE, biomass allocation, number of ramets, ramet proportions, and spacer length of <i>C</i>. <i>brevicuspis</i> under different competition and burial depth treatments (F-values).

<p>^NS<i>P</i> ≥ 0.05;</p><p>* <i>P</i> < 0.05;</p><p>** <i>P</i> < 0.01;</p><p>*** <i>P</i> < 0.001.</p><p>Summary of two-way ANOVA analyses for biomass accumulation, RNE, biomass allocation, number of ramets, ramet proportions, and spacer length of <i>C</i>. <i>brevicuspis</i> under different competition and burial depth treatments (F-values).</p

Density changes in apical buds (A), active axillary buds (B), inactive axillary buds (C), total buds (D), and shoots (E) of <i>Miscanthus sacchariflorus</i> from November 2010 to May 2011 in the wetlands of Dongting Lake.

<p>Data are expressed as mean ± standard error (SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between seasons at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p

Percentages of apical buds, active axillary buds, and inactive axillary buds collected between November 2010 and May 2011.

<p>Data are expressed as mean ± standard error (SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between seasons at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p

The proportion of spreading ramet out of the total number of ramets (mean ± SE, N = 8) in <i>Carex brevicuspis</i> growing at two burial depths and three <i>Polygonum hydropiper</i> densities.

<p>Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 significance level.</p

Sprouting ratio (A) and emergence time (B) of active axillary buds at different burial depths.

<p>Data are expressed as mean ± standard error (SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between burial depths at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p