96 research outputs found
Nonlinear eco-evolutionary games with global environmental fluctuations and local environmental feedbacks
Environmental changes play a critical role in determining the evolution of
social dilemmas in many natural or social systems. Generally, the environmental
changes include two prominent aspects: the global time-dependent fluctuations
and the local strategy-dependent feedbacks. However, the impacts of these two
types of environmental changes have only been studied separately, a complete
picture of the environmental effects exerted by the combination of these two
aspects remains unclear. Here we develop a theoretical framework that
integrates group strategic behaviors with their general dynamic environments,
where the global environmental fluctuations are associated with a nonlinear
factor in public goods game and the local environmental feedbacks are described
by the `eco-evolutionary game'. We show how the coupled dynamics of local
game-environment evolution differs in static and dynamic global environments.
In particular, we find the emergence of cyclic evolutions of group cooperation
and local environment, which forms an interior irregular loop in the phase
plane, depending on the relative changing speed of both global and local
environments compared to the strategic change. Our results provide important
insights toward how diverse evolutionary outcomes could emerge from the
nonlinear interactions between strategies and the changing environments
Description and Distribution of Three Criconematid Nematodes from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Synthesis of single-crystal La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 freestanding films with different crystal-orientation
We report the synthesis of single-crystal La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) freestanding films with different crystal orientations. By using pulsed laser deposition, water soluble perovskite-like sacrificial layers Sr3Al2O6 (SAO) followed by LSMO films are grown on differently oriented SrTiO3 substrates. Freestanding LSMO films with different orientations are obtained by etching the SAO in pure water. All the freestanding films show room-temperature ferromagnetism and metallicity, independent of the crystal orientation. Intriguingly, the Curie temperature (TC) of the freestanding films is increased due to strain relaxation after releasing from the substrates. Our results provide an additional degree of freedom to tailor the properties of freestanding perovskite oxide heterostructures by crystal orientation and an opportunity to further integrate different oriented films together
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