N′-(Butan-2-yl­idene)furan-2-carbohydrazide

The title Schiff base compound, C9H12N2O2, was obtained from a condensation reaction of butan-2-one and furan-2-carbohydrazide. The furan ring and the hydrazide fragment are roughly planar, the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.069 (2)Å, but the butanyl­idene group is twisted slightly with respect to this plane by a dihedral angle of 5.2 (3)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link pairs of inversion-related mol­ecules, forming dimers of R 2 2(8) graph-set motif

EulerNet: Adaptive Feature Interaction Learning via Euler's Formula for CTR Prediction

Learning effective high-order feature interactions is very crucial in the CTR prediction task. However, it is very time-consuming to calculate high-order feature interactions with massive features in online e-commerce platforms. Most existing methods manually design a maximal order and further filter out the useless interactions from them. Although they reduce the high computational costs caused by the exponential growth of high-order feature combinations, they still suffer from the degradation of model capability due to the suboptimal learning of the restricted feature orders. The solution to maintain the model capability and meanwhile keep it efficient is a technical challenge, which has not been adequately addressed. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive feature interaction learning model, named as EulerNet, in which the feature interactions are learned in a complex vector space by conducting space mapping according to Euler's formula. EulerNet converts the exponential powers of feature interactions into simple linear combinations of the modulus and phase of the complex features, making it possible to adaptively learn the high-order feature interactions in an efficient way. Furthermore, EulerNet incorporates the implicit and explicit feature interactions into a unified architecture, which achieves the mutual enhancement and largely boosts the model capabilities. Such a network can be fully learned from data, with no need of pre-designed form or order for feature interactions. Extensive experiments conducted on three public datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. Our code is available at: https://github.com/RUCAIBox/EulerNet.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in SIGIR'2

Identification of a potential novel biomarker in intervertebral disk degeneration by bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation

BackgroundIntervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of low back pain and one of the most common health problems all over the world. However, the early diagnosis of IVDD is still restricted. The purpose of this study is to identify and validate the key characteristic gene of IVDD and analyze its correlation with immune cell infiltration.Methods3 IVDD-related gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted to explore the biological functions. Two machine learning algorithms were used to identify characteristic genes, which were tested to further find the key characteristic gene. The receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to estimate the clinical diagnostic value of the key characteristic gene. The excised human intervertebral disks were obtained, and the normal nucleus pulposus (NP) and degenerative NP were carefully separated and cultured in vitro. The expression of the key characteristic gene was validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The related protein expression in NP cells was detected by Western blot. Finally, the correlation was investigated between the key characteristic gene and immune cell infiltration.ResultsA total of 5 DEGs, including 3 upregulated genes and 2 downregulated genes, were screened between IVDD and control samples. GO enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were enriched to 4 items in BP, 6 items in CC, and 13 items in MF. They mainly included the regulation of ion transmembrane transport, transporter complex, and channel activity. GSEA suggested that the cell cycle, DNA replication, graft versus host disease, and nucleotide excision repair were enriched in control samples, while complement and coagulation cascades, Fc γ R–mediated phagocytosis, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, gap junctions, etc., were enriched in IVDD samples. Furthermore, ZNF542P was identified and tested as key characteristic gene in IVDD samples through machine learning algorithms and showed a good diagnostic value. The results of qRT-PCR showed that compared with normal NP cells, the expression of ZNF542P gene was decreased in degenerated NP cells. The results of Western blot suggested that compared with normal NP cells, the expression of NLRP3 and pro Caspase-1 was increased in degenerated NP cells. Finally, we found that the expression of ZNF542P was positively related to the proportions of T cells gamma delta (γδT cells).ConclusionZNF542P is a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis of IVDD and may be associated with the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and the infiltration of γδT cells

5 GHz TMRT observations of 71 pulsars

We present integrated pulse profiles at 5~GHz for 71 pulsars, including eight millisecond pulsars (MSPs), obtained using the Shanghai Tian Ma Radio Telescope (TMRT). Mean flux densities and pulse widths are measured. For 19 normal pulsars and one MSP, these are the first detections at 5~GHz and for a further 19, including five MPSs, the profiles have a better signal-to-noise ratio than previous observations. Mean flux density spectra between 400~MHz and 9~GHz are presented for 27 pulsars and correlations of power-law spectral index are found with characteristic age, radio pseudo-luminosity and spin-down luminosity. Mode changing was detected in five pulsars. The separation between the main pulse and interpulse is shown to be frequency independent for six pulsars but a frequency dependence of the relative intensity of the main pulse and interpulse is found. The frequency dependence of component separations is investigated for 20 pulsars and three groups are found: in seven cases the separation between the outmost leading and trailing components decreases with frequency, roughly in agreement with radius-to-frequency mapping; in eleven cases the separation is nearly constant; in the remain two cases the separation between the outmost components increases with frequency. We obtain the correlations of pulse widths with pulsar period and estimate the core widths of 23 multi-component profiles and conal widths of 17 multi-component profiles at 5.0~GHz using Gaussian fitting and discuss the width-period relationship at 5~GHz compared with the results at at 1.0~GHz and 8.6~GHz.Comment: 46 pages, 14 figures, 8 Tables, accepted by Ap

Latent Opinions Transfer Network for Target-Oriented Opinion Words Extraction

Target-oriented opinion words extraction (TOWE) is a new subtask of ABSA, which aims to extract the corresponding opinion words for a given opinion target in a sentence. Recently, neural network methods have been applied to this task and achieve promising results. However, the difficulty of annotation causes the datasets of TOWE to be insufficient, which heavily limits the performance of neural models. By contrast, abundant review sentiment classification data are easily available at online review sites. These reviews contain substantial latent opinions information and semantic patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel model to transfer these opinions knowledge from resource-rich review sentiment classification datasets to low-resource task TOWE. To address the challenges in the transfer process, we design an effective transformation method to obtain latent opinions, then integrate them into TOWE. Extensive experimental results show that our model achieves better performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods and significantly outperforms the base model without transferring opinions knowledge. Further analysis validates the effectiveness of our model.Comment: Accepted by the 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2020

Methyl 2-meth­oxy-4-{[2-(4-nitro­phen­yl)hydrazinyl­idene]meth­yl}benzoate

The mol­ecule of the title Schiff base compound, C16H15N3O5, obtained from a condensation reaction of 4-acet­oxy-3-meth­oxy­benzaldehyde and 4-nitro­phenyl­hydrazine, adopts an E geometry with respect to the C=N double bond. The mol­ecule is roughly planar, with the two benzene rings twisted slightly with respect to each other by a dihedral angle of 6.90 (9)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link centrosymmetrically related pairs of mol­ecules, forming dimers of R 2 2(22) graph-set motif. The dimers are further connected through slipped π–π inter­actions between symmetry-related benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance of 3.646 (1) Å, offset angle of 15.4°]

Realization of Zero-Refractive-Index Lens with Ultralow Spherical Aberration

Optical complex materials offer unprecedented opportunity to engineer fundamental band dispersion which enables novel optoelectronic functionality and devices. Exploration of photonic Dirac cone at the center of momentum space has inspired an exceptional characteristic of zero-index, which is similar to zero effective mass in fermionic Dirac systems. Such all-dielectric zero-index photonic crystals provide an in-plane mechanism such that the energy of the propagating waves can be well confined along the chip direction. A straightforward example is to achieve the anomalous focusing effect without longitudinal spherical aberration, when the size of zero-index lens is large enough. Here, we designed and fabricated a prototype of zero-refractive-index lens by comprising large-area silicon nanopillar array with plane-concave profile. Near-zero refractive index was quantitatively measured near 1.55 um through anomalous focusing effect, predictable by effective medium theory. The zero-index lens was also demonstrated to perform ultralow longitudinal spherical aberration. Such IC compatible device provides a new route to integrate all-silicon zero-index materials into optical communication, sensing, and modulation, and to study fundamental physics on the emergent fields of topological photonics and valley photonics.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure