On Constructing the Analytical Solutions for Localizations in a Slender Cylinder Composed of an Incompressible Hyperelastic Material

In this paper, we study the localization phenomena in a slender cylinder composed of an incompressible hyperelastic material subjected to axial tension. We aim to construct the analytical solutions based on a three-dimensional setting and use the analytical results to describe the key features observed in the experiments by others. Using a novel approach of coupled series-asymptotic expansions, we derive the normal form equation of the original governing nonlinear partial differential equations. By writing the normal form equation into a first-order dynamical system and with the help of the phase plane, we manage to solve two boundary-value problems analytically. The explicit solution expressions (in terms of integrals) are obtained. By analyzing the solutions, we find that the width of the localization zone depends on the material parameters but remains almost unchanged for the same material in the post-peak region. Also, it is found that when the radius-length ratio is relatively small there is a snap-back phenomenon. These results are well in agreement with the experimental observations. Through an energy analysis, we also deduce the preferred configuration and give a prediction when a snap-through can happen. Finally, based on the maximum-energy-distortion theory, an analytical criterion for the onset of material failure is provided.Comment: 27 pages 10 figure

Trust Building in the Car-Sharing Platform: An Empirical Study in China

This study draws upon institution-based trust theory to examine the impact of four institutional mechanisms and social influence on customers’ trust formulation and continuance intention in the car-sharing platform. Data was collected from 307 customers in DiDi-which is one of the largest sharing platforms for travelling in China, and structural equation modeling statistical method was used to test the research model. The empirical results suggest that feedback mechanism and surge pricing are the most significant antecedents in building customers’ trust, followed by payment security, driver certification and social influence. Further, customers’ trust in the car-sharing platform is positively associated with their continuance intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the final section