Pathological findings in sham and 5/6Nx rats treated with and without rhubarb enema (Masson’s stain, ×100).

<p>Pathological findings in sham and 5/6Nx rats treated with and without rhubarb enema (Masson’s stain, ×100).</p

Expression of NF-κB in kidney tissues.

<p>(A) Western-blot analysis of NF-κB in kidney tissues. Lane 1 is the sham operation group, lane 2 is the 5/6 nephrectomized group, and lane 3 is the 5/6 nephrectomized with rhubarb enema treatment group. (B) NF-κB protein levels. Data are expressed vs. β-actin and were compared by analysis of variance. *<i>P</i> < 0.05 vs. sham operation group. ^#<i>P</i> < 0.05 vs. 5/6 nephrectomized group.</p

Expressions of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and NF-κB in frozen sections of kidney.

<p>Localization of 8-OHdG and NF-κB in frozen sections was determined by immunofluorescence (IF) (×200) with 8-OHdG antibody (green) and NF-κB antibody (red).</p

Superoxide dismutase activity assays.

<p>Sham operation group rats showed higher SOD values, but SOD activity in 5/6 nephrectomized rats (5/6Nx) was significantly decreased. <i>*P</i> < 0.05 vs sham group. The value of SOD activity in the group treated with rhubarb enema was significantly higher than that in the 5/6Nx group. ^<i>#</i><i>P</i> < 0.05 vs 5/6Nx group.</p

Pathological findings in the sham operation group and the 5/6 nephrectomized rats treated with or without rhubarb enema (hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×100).

<p>Pathological findings in the sham operation group and the 5/6 nephrectomized rats treated with or without rhubarb enema (hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×100).</p