Knockout of <i>rapC</i> Improves the Bacillomycin D Yield Based on <i>De Novo</i> Genome Sequencing of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fmbJ

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a Gram-positive and soil-dwelling bacterium, could produce secondary metabolites that suppress plant pathogens. In this study, we provided the whole genome sequence results of B. amyloliquefaciens fmbJ, which had one circular chromosome of 4 193 344 bp with 4249 genes, 87 tRNA genes, and 27 rRNA genes. In addition, fmbJ was found to contain several gene clusters of antimicrobial lipopeptides (bacillomycin D, surfactin, and fengycin), and bacillomycin D homologues were further comprehensively identified. To clarify the influence of <i>rapC</i> regulating the synthesis of lipopeptide on the yield of bacillomycin D, <i>rapC</i> gene in fmbJ was successfully deleted by the marker-free method. Finally, it was found that the deletion of <i>rapC</i> gene in fmbJ significantly improved bacillomycin D production from 240.7 ± 18.9 to 360.8 ± 30.7 mg/L, attributed to the increased the expression of bacillomycin D synthesis-related genes through enhancing the transcriptional level of <i>comA</i>, <i>comP</i>, and <i>phrC</i>. These results showed that the production of bacillomycin D in B. amyloliquefaciens fmbJ might be regulated by the RapC–PhrC system. The findings are expected to advance further agricultural application of Bacillus spp. as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds

Probiotic Yogurt Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance in Mice via the Adiponectin Pathway

A high-fat diet (HFD) easily contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. Obesity and insulin resistance have been clinical and public health challenges all over the world. Probiotic-fermented yogurt is one type of popular and functional beverage in people’s daily lives. This study mainly explored the lipid- and glucose-lowering effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus NX2-6-fermented yogurt (LA-Y) in HFD-fed mice. The results showed that LA-Y administration improved the lipid profile in the serum and liver, reduced fasting blood glucose levels, and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Protein analysis showed that LA-Y treatment promoted fatty acid oxidation and suppressed de novo lipogenesis in the adipose tissue and liver. LA-Y effectively alleviated glucose metabolism disorders by activating the insulin signaling pathway, suppressing gluconeogenesis in the liver and muscle, reducing the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, and promoting glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the small intestine. LA-Y supplementation also promoted fat browning via the adiponectin/AMPKα/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver and muscle by activating the adiponectin/AdipoR1/APPL1/AMPKα/PGC-1α pathway, leading to increased energy expenditure. Therefore, LA-Y may be a functional dairy food for preventing and alleviating diet-induced metabolic disorders

Additional file 4 of Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Bacillomycin D-C16 induces multiple pathways of disease resistance in cherry tomato

Additional file 4: Table S4. Table of GO enrichment analysis after Bacillomycin D-C16 treatment versus control at time 12 h

Quantitative identification and bioinformatics analysis of tumor tissue proteins assayed by iTRAQ.

<p><b>(A)</b> All 132 differentially accumulated proteins were classified into three groups: biological process, molecular function, and cellular component through GO analysis. <b>(B)</b> The numbers of lipid/glucose metabolism-related proteins were shown through GO analysis.</p

Additional file 1 of Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Bacillomycin D-C16 induces multiple pathways of disease resistance in cherry tomato

Additional file 1: Table S1. Overview of the transcriptome sequencing dataset and quality check

Additional file 8 of Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Bacillomycin D-C16 induces multiple pathways of disease resistance in cherry tomato

Additional file 8: Table S8. Table of transcription factors after Bacillomycin D-C16 treatment versus control at time 12 h

Genomics-Inspired Discovery of Three Antibacterial Active Metabolites, Aurantinins B, C, and D from Compost-Associated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> fmb60

Fmb60 is a wild-type <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> isolated from compost with significant broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Two novel PKS clusters were recognized in the genome sequence of fmb60, and then three polyene antibiotics, aurantinins B, C, and D, <b>1</b>–<b>3</b>, were obtained by bioactivity-guided isolation from the fermentation of fmb60. The structures of aurantinins B–D were elucidated by LC-HRMS and NMR data analysis. Aurantinins C and D were identified as new antimicrobial compounds. The three aurantinins showed significant activity against multidrug-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Clostridium sporogenes</i>. However, aurantinins B–D did not exhibit any cytotoxicity (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) against LO2 and Caco2 cell lines by MTT assay. Furthermore, using <i>S. aureus</i> as a model bacterium to explore the antibacterial mechanism of aurantinins B–D, it was revealed that the bactericidal activity of aurantinins B–D was related to their ability to disrupt the cell membrane

Additional file 6 of Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Bacillomycin D-C16 induces multiple pathways of disease resistance in cherry tomato

Additional file 6: Table S6. Table of KEGG enrichment analysis after Bacillomycin D-C16 treatment versus control at time 12 h

Additional file 7 of Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Bacillomycin D-C16 induces multiple pathways of disease resistance in cherry tomato

Additional file 7: Table S7. Table of KEGG enrichment analysis after Bacillomycin D-C16 treatment versus control at time 24 h

Additional file 9 of Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Bacillomycin D-C16 induces multiple pathways of disease resistance in cherry tomato

Additional file 9: Table S9. Table of transcription factors after Bacillomycin D-C16 treatment versus control at time 24 h