The effects of TDBP-TAZTO (5 and 50 mg/kg) on the locomotor activity (A) and the durations of immobility in FST (B) in rats.

<p>The results are presented as mean ± SE (n = 10/group). *<i>p</i> < 0.05, vs. control group.</p

The effects of TDBP-TAZTO (5 and 50 mg/kg) on apoptosis-related proteins in the hippocampus.

<p>The results are presented as mean ± SE (n = 5/group). *<i>p</i><0.05, vs. control group. The O.D. values were displayed in Bax (B), Bcl-2 (C) and cleaved caspase-3 (D) normalized to β-actin.</p

The effects of TDBP-TAZTO (5 and 50 mg/kg) on spatial learning and memory in rats in the Morris water test.

<p>(A) In the acquisition trial, TDBP-TAZTO rats showed an increased latency to the platform. (B) In the probe trial, TDBP-TAZTO rats had a decreased time spent in the target quadrant. (C) From day 1 to day 6, TDBP-TAZTO did not affect the swimming speed compared with that in control group. Data ate expressed as mean ± SE (n = 10/group). ^a<i>p</i> < 0.05, TDBP-TAZTO 5 mg/kg group vs. control group; ^b<i>p</i> < 0.05, TDBP-TAZTO 50 mg/kg group vs. control group.</p

The effects of TDBP-TAZTO (5 and 50 mg/kg) on plasma ACTH (A) and serum CORT (B).

<p>The results are presented as mean ± SE (n = 10/group). *<i>p</i> < 0.05, vs. control group.</p

The effects of TDBP-TAZTO (5 and 50 mg/kg) on BDNF and SYP expression in hippocampus.

<p>The results are presented as mean ± SE (n = 5/group). *<i>p</i><0.05, vs. control group. BDNF (A) was expressed as pg/mg protein. The O.D. values were displayed in SYP (B) normalized to β-actin.</p

Representative immunohistochemical location of GFAP in DG (A-C), CA3 (D-F) and CA1 regions (G-I) of the hippocampus (200×).

<p>The sections from control group (A, D and G), TDBP-TAZTO 5 mg/kg group (B, E and H) and 50 mg/kg group (C, F and I). The arrows indicates astrocytes. DG, CA3 and CA1 areas had some small dispersed non-branched astrocytes in the control rats (A, D and G, respectively), while small or large branched astrocytes in 5 mg/kg (B, E and H, respectively) and 50 mg/kg rats (C, F and I, respectively).</p

Representative HE staining of adrenal gland (200 ×).

<p>Sections from control group (A), TDBP-TAZTO 5 mg/kg group (B) and TDBP-TAZTO 50 mg/kg group (C). The arrows indicates zona fasciculata. The regularly arranged long columnar cells without cell hyperplasia or hypertrophy were observed in the zona fasciculata in the control group (A). Main diffuse adrenal hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the zona fasciculate were noted in 5 and 50 mg/kg groups (B and C).</p

Morris Water Maze test.

<p>Note: south (S), west (W), east (E), northwest (N), northeast (NE), southeast (SE), northwest (NW) and southwest (SW).</p><p>Morris Water Maze test.</p

Molecular structure of TDBP-TAZTO.

<p>Molecular structure of TDBP-TAZTO.</p

The effects of TDBP-TAZTO (5 and 50 mg/kg) on pro-inflammatory cytokines level in the hippocampus.

<p>The results are presented as mean ± SE (n = 5/group). For statistical significance, *<i>p</i> < 0.05, vs. control group.</p