Simulation on the dynamic process of dissipative solitons in fiber lasers under multiparameter combinations

Positive dispersion ring cavity ultrafast lasers can obtain dissipative soliton output with higher power density. The process of establishing a stable soliton is affected by complex factors such as dispersion, nonlinearity, loss, gain, and key component parameters. Due to the complexity of the parameters involved, the experimental system cannot guarantee the reproduction of the input elements. This means that the experimental research cannot implement strict variable control. Therefore, establishing a laser simulation model and studying the dynamics of soliton development under complex parameter combinations can help us to conveniently understand the feasibility of the scheme. Through the simulation of complex parameter combinations, it is found that there is a clear optimal working range for obtaining stable mode-locked soliton output, which can be used to guide the design and optimization of laser experiment schemes

Effects of RD on GSW at different pressures in fasting state.

<p>The percentage of normal GSW was not changed significantly (P>0.05) after RD with different pressure.</p

Atropine blocked the preventive effect of AEA on RD-induced impairment in GSW.

<p>There was no significant difference of the percentage of GSW among 3 sessions after RD, RD+atropine or RD+atropine+AEA respectively (P>0.05).</p

Effects of atropine treatment on the DF and DP of GSW.

<p>* <i>P</i><0.05 vs. baseline.</p><p>Effects of atropine treatment on the DF and DP of GSW.</p

Experimental protocol.

<p>(A) GSW recordings in the fasting state at baseline and during RD; (B) GSW recordings in the fed state before and during RD or RD plus EA/AEA/sham-AEA; (C) GSW recordings in the fed state before RD and during RD at presence of atropine.</p

Typical GSW tracings in the fed state at different sessions.

<p>(A) GSW on baseline. (B) GSW at RD session. (C) GSW at RD+AEA session. (D) GSW at RD+EA session. (E) GSW at RD+sham AEA session. (F) GSW at RD+atropine session. (G) GSW at RD+atropine+AEA session.</p

Effects of EA and AEA on RD-induced abnormal GSW.

<p>The percentage of GSW decreased significantly after RD in Control and Sham AEA group (^#P<0.05 RD vs baseline). While the abnormal GSW induced by RD were repaired significantly after using EA or AEA with RD (**P<0.05 RD plus EA/AEA vs RD). The effect between EA and AEA on repairing the impaired GSW induced by RD was no significant difference (P = 0.32).</p

Effects of RD on Dominant frequency (DF) and dominant power (DP) of GSW.

<p>(A) DF was not altered significantly (P>0.05) after treatment comparing with that of baseline in each session. (B) EA at ST-36 increased DP of GSW significantly (*P<0.05, vs. baseline).</p

Effects of AEA on RD-induced gastric dysrhythmia.

<p>EA reduced the percentage of bradygastria (B%) significantly during RD (#P<0.05, vs. RD). The percentage of tachygastrias (T%) decreased to 0% after using EA and AEA respectively during RD (^＊P<0.05, vs. RD). The percentage of arrhythmia (A%) decreased significantly as well after using EA and AEA respectively during RD (^※P<0.05, vs. RD).</p

Membrane fouling control in the integrated process of magnetic anion exchange and ultrafiltration

<p>Magnetic anion exchange (MIEX) has been increasingly concerned owing to its excellent performance for the removal of dissolved organic carbon in the treatment of drinking water. In this study, the ability of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling control was analyzed by different combination processes of MIEX-UF. A single cycle and multi-cycle operations were conducted, and the separated and integrated processes of MIEX-UF were compared. Membrane filtration resistance, removal of organics, and morphologies of the membrane surface were analyzed. The results of the short-term operation did not show any obvious improvement in the membrane fouling control in the separated process (compared to UF alone); however, a marked improvement was obtained in the integrated process. The membrane filtration resistance analysis showed that the cake resistance (<i>R</i>_c) and pore blocking resistance (<i>R</i>_p) in the integrated process were only 52 and 24% of the values in the separated process. The multi-cycle operation demonstrated that the cumulative rate of hydraulically irreversible fouling was 0.0021 in the integrated process and was much lower than that in the separated process (0.0182). The mechanistic analysis shows that in the integrated process, a dynamic layer was formed on the membrane surface by the deposited MIEX beads, which markedly decreased the accumulation of the membrane foulants on the membrane surface and in the membrane pores.</p