Supplementary Material for: The global incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris is a life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease characterized by flaccid blister formation. As there has been no macroscopic assessment of epidemiological characteristics, its disease burden in the general population remains unknown. Objectives: To assess the global incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris in the general population. Methods: The search was conducted in databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library from inception to May 1st, 2022. We included original studies that either reported incidence of pemphigus vulgaris or provided raw data for calculating. Studies based on a specific population instead of the general population were excluded. Individual studies were summarized using random-effects mode. The pooled incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris among the general population and subgroups were obtained. Heterogeneity (I2 statistic) was assessed with the χ2 test on Cochrane’s Q statistic. Results: 29 studies were eligible for final analysis and the pooled incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris was 2.83 per million person-years (95%CI, 2.14-3.61). The incidence rate was similar between men and women and remained stable in the past half-century. Southern Asia showed the highest rate among subcontinents that had more than one study conducted as 4.94 per million person-years (95%CI, 2.55-8.10). Economic levels do not seem to have any bearing on incidence. Conclusions: Despite the substantial heterogeneity among studies, this meta-analysis revealed the worldwide incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris for the first time and may assist in assessing global disease burden and promoting health policy

Supplementary Material for: The global incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris is a life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease characterized by flaccid blister formation. As there has been no macroscopic assessment of epidemiological characteristics, its disease burden in the general population remains unknown. Objectives: To assess the global incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris in the general population. Methods: The search was conducted in databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library from inception to May 1st, 2022. We included original studies that either reported incidence of pemphigus vulgaris or provided raw data for calculating. Studies based on a specific population instead of the general population were excluded. Individual studies were summarized using random-effects mode. The pooled incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris among the general population and subgroups were obtained. Heterogeneity (I2 statistic) was assessed with the χ2 test on Cochrane’s Q statistic. Results: 29 studies were eligible for final analysis and the pooled incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris was 2.83 per million person-years (95%CI, 2.14-3.61). The incidence rate was similar between men and women and remained stable in the past half-century. Southern Asia showed the highest rate among subcontinents that had more than one study conducted as 4.94 per million person-years (95%CI, 2.55-8.10). Economic levels do not seem to have any bearing on incidence. Conclusions: Despite the substantial heterogeneity among studies, this meta-analysis revealed the worldwide incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris for the first time and may assist in assessing global disease burden and promoting health policy

Supplementary Material for: The global incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris is a life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease characterized by flaccid blister formation. As there has been no macroscopic assessment of epidemiological characteristics, its disease burden in the general population remains unknown. Objectives: To assess the global incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris in the general population. Methods: The search was conducted in databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library from inception to May 1st, 2022. We included original studies that either reported incidence of pemphigus vulgaris or provided raw data for calculating. Studies based on a specific population instead of the general population were excluded. Individual studies were summarized using random-effects mode. The pooled incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris among the general population and subgroups were obtained. Heterogeneity (I2 statistic) was assessed with the χ2 test on Cochrane’s Q statistic. Results: 29 studies were eligible for final analysis and the pooled incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris was 2.83 per million person-years (95%CI, 2.14-3.61). The incidence rate was similar between men and women and remained stable in the past half-century. Southern Asia showed the highest rate among subcontinents that had more than one study conducted as 4.94 per million person-years (95%CI, 2.55-8.10). Economic levels do not seem to have any bearing on incidence. Conclusions: Despite the substantial heterogeneity among studies, this meta-analysis revealed the worldwide incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris for the first time and may assist in assessing global disease burden and promoting health policy

Supplementary Material for: The global incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris is a life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease characterized by flaccid blister formation. As there has been no macroscopic assessment of epidemiological characteristics, its disease burden in the general population remains unknown. Objectives: To assess the global incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris in the general population. Methods: The search was conducted in databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library from inception to May 1st, 2022. We included original studies that either reported incidence of pemphigus vulgaris or provided raw data for calculating. Studies based on a specific population instead of the general population were excluded. Individual studies were summarized using random-effects mode. The pooled incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris among the general population and subgroups were obtained. Heterogeneity (I2 statistic) was assessed with the χ2 test on Cochrane’s Q statistic. Results: 29 studies were eligible for final analysis and the pooled incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris was 2.83 per million person-years (95%CI, 2.14-3.61). The incidence rate was similar between men and women and remained stable in the past half-century. Southern Asia showed the highest rate among subcontinents that had more than one study conducted as 4.94 per million person-years (95%CI, 2.55-8.10). Economic levels do not seem to have any bearing on incidence. Conclusions: Despite the substantial heterogeneity among studies, this meta-analysis revealed the worldwide incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris for the first time and may assist in assessing global disease burden and promoting health policy

Supplementary Material for: Association between Alanine Aminotransferase and Intracerebral Hemorrhage in East Asian Populations

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and chronic liver disease are relatively common in East Asian countries. However, the relationship between the two diseases is unclear. Thus, we investigated the association between serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and ICH risk in East Asian populations. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The East Asian Network for Stroke Prevention enrolled 279,982 participants with ALT measurements from four cohort studies in Korea, Taiwan, Japan and mainland China. Among them, 1,324 ICH events and 493 ICH deaths were observed. Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis was performed in each cohort to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) after adjusting for age, blood pressure, diabetes, total cholesterol, smoking and alcohol intake. Combined HRs were then estimated using pooled analyses with fixed-effects models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The multivariate-adjusted pooled HRs (with 95% confidence interval, CI) for ICH incidence per 10 IU/l increments of ALT were 1.04 (1.03-1.04) in men and 1.01 (0.98-1.04) in women. Corresponding HRs for ICH mortality were 1.04 (1.02-1.05) in men and 1.04 (1.00-1.08) in women. The pooled HRs for ICH incidence in participants with ALT levels greater than or equal to 50 IU/l compared to those with levels less than 20 IU/l were 1.74 (1.41-2.16) in men and 1.60 (1.06-2.40) in women. The corresponding HRs for ICH mortality were 1.72 (1.21-2.44) in men and 1.63 (0.79-3.36) in women. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> An elevated ALT level was independently and significantly associated with an increased risk of ICH in East Asian men, but the association was less prominent in women