2,643 research outputs found
Superconducting phase coherence in the presence of a pseudogap: Relation to specific heat, tunneling and vortex core spectroscopies
In this paper we demonstrate how, using a natural generalization of BCS
theory, superconducting phase coherence manifests itself in phase insensitive
measurements, when there is a smooth evolution of the excitation gap \Delta
from above to below Tc. In this context, we address the underdoped cuprates.
Our premise is that just as Fermi liquid theory is failing above Tc, BCS theory
is failing below. The order parameter \Delta_{sc} is different from the
excitation gap \Delta. Equivalently there is a (pseudo)gap in the excitation
spectrum above Tc which is also present in the underlying normal state of the
superconducting phase, and can be directly inferred from specific heat and
vortex core experiments. At the same time many features of BCS theory, e.g.,
fermionic quasiparticles below Tc, are clearly present. These observations can
be reconciled by a natural extension of BCS theory, which includes finite
center-of-mass momentum pair excitations, in addition to the usual fermionic
quasiparticles. Applying this theory we find that the Bose condensation of
Cooper pairs, which is reflected in \Delta_{sc}, leads to sharp peaks in the
spectral function once . These are manifested in ARPES spectra as
well as in specific heat jumps, which become more like the behavior in a
\lambda transition as the pseudogap develops. We end with a discussion of
tunneling experiments and condensation energy issues. Comparison between
theoretical and experimental plots of C_v, and of tunneling and vortex core
spectroscopy measurements is good.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, ReVTeX 3.
FAK acts as a suppressor of RTK-MAP kinase signalling in Drosophila melanogaster epithelia and human cancer cells
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) regulate multiple signalling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. FAK interacts with several RTKs but little is known about how FAK regulates their downstream signalling. Here we investigated how FAK regulates signalling resulting from the overexpression of the RTKs RET and EGFR. FAK suppressed RTKs signalling in Drosophila melanogaster epithelia by impairing MAPK pathway. This regulation was also observed in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, suggesting it is a conserved phenomenon in humans. Mechanistically, FAK reduced receptor recycling into the plasma membrane, which resulted in lower MAPK activation. Conversely, increasing the membrane pool of the receptor increased MAPK pathway signalling. FAK is widely considered as a therapeutic target in cancer biology; however, it also has tumour suppressor properties in some contexts. Therefore, the FAK-mediated negative regulation of RTK/MAPK signalling described here may have potential implications in the designing of therapy strategies for RTK-driven tumours
Structural, Magnetic and Electronic Properties of the Iron-Chalcogenide AFeSe (A=K, Cs, Rb, Tl and etc.) Superconductors
The latest discovery of a new iron-chalcogenide superconductor
AFeSe(A=K, Cs, Rb, Tl and etc.) has attracted much attention
due to a number of its unique characteristics, such as the possible insulating
state of the parent compound, the existence of Fe-vacancy and its ordering, a
new form of magnetic structure and its interplay with superconductivity, and
the peculiar electronic structures that are distinct from other Fe-based
superconductors. In this paper, we present a brief review on the structural,
magnetic and electronic properties of this new superconductor, with an emphasis
on the electronic structure and superconducting gap. Issues and future
perspectives are discussed at the end of the paper.Comment: 45 pages, 19 figure
Effect of anisotropic impurity scattering in superconductors
We discuss the weak-coupling BCS theory of a superconductor with the
impurities, accounting for their anisotropic momentum-dependent potential. The
impurity scattering process is considered in the t-matrix approximation and its
influence on the superconducting critical temperature is studied in the Born
and unitary limit for a d- and (d+s)-wave superconductors. We observe a
significant dependence of the pair-breaking strength on the symmetry of the
scattering potential and classify the impurity potentials according to their
ability to alter T_c. A good agreement with the experimental data for Zn doping
and oxygen irradiation in the overdoped cuprates is found.Comment: 31 pages, RevTex, 15 PostScript figure
Stellar populations of bulges at low redshift
This chapter summarizes our current understanding of the stellar population
properties of bulges and outlines important future research directions.Comment: Review article to appear in "Galactic Bulges", Editors: Laurikainen
E., Peletier R., Gadotti D., Springer Publishing. 34 pages, 12 figure
Interplay of Electron-Phonon Interaction and Electron Correlation in High Temperature Superconductivity
We study the electron-phonon interaction in the strongly correlated
superconducting cuprates. Two types of the electron-phonon interactions are
introduced in the model; the diagonal and off-diagonal interactions which
modify the formation energy of the Zhang-Rice singlet and its transfer
integral, respectively. The characteristic phonon-momentum and
electron-momentum dependence resulted from the off-diagonal coupling
can explain a variety of experiments. The vertex correction for the
electron-phonon interaction is formulated in the SU(2) slave-boson theory by
taking into account the collective modes in the superconducting ground states.
It is shown that the vertex correction enhances the attractive potential for
the d-wave paring mediated by phonon with around
which corresponds to the half-breathing mode of the oxygen
motion.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure
Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and
associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a
nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum
range 0.7 5.0 GeV/ is examined,
to include correlations induced by jets originating from low
momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as
associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range
. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in
high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side
short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like
components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with
event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This
invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent
fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related
to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of
uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with
multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton
interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the
number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary
nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161
Multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Measurements of multi-particle azimuthal correlations (cumulants) for charged
particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are presented. They help address the
question of whether there is evidence for global, flow-like, azimuthal
correlations in the p-Pb system. Comparisons are made to measurements from the
larger Pb-Pb system, where such evidence is established. In particular, the
second harmonic two-particle cumulants are found to decrease with multiplicity,
characteristic of a dominance of few-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions.
However, when a gap is placed to suppress such correlations,
the two-particle cumulants begin to rise at high-multiplicity, indicating the
presence of global azimuthal correlations. The Pb-Pb values are higher than the
p-Pb values at similar multiplicities. In both systems, the second harmonic
four-particle cumulants exhibit a transition from positive to negative values
when the multiplicity increases. The negative values allow for a measurement of
to be made, which is found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions at
similar multiplicities. The second harmonic six-particle cumulants are also
found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, we generally find
which is indicative of a Bessel-Gaussian
function for the distribution. For very high-multiplicity Pb-Pb
collisions, we observe that the four- and six-particle cumulants become
consistent with 0. Finally, third harmonic two-particle cumulants in p-Pb and
Pb-Pb are measured. These are found to be similar for overlapping
multiplicities, when a gap is placed.Comment: 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 20,
published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/87
How to detect fluctuating order in the high-temperature superconductors
We discuss fluctuating order in a quantum disordered phase proximate to a
quantum critical point, with particular emphasis on fluctuating stripe order.
Optimal strategies for extracting information concerning such local order from
experiments are derived with emphasis on neutron scattering and scanning
tunneling microscopy. These ideas are tested by application to two model
systems - the exactly solvable one dimensional electron gas with an impurity,
and a weakly-interacting 2D electron gas. We extensively review experiments on
the cuprate high-temperature superconductors which can be analyzed using these
strategies. We adduce evidence that stripe correlations are widespread in the
cuprates. Finally, we compare and contrast the advantages of two limiting
perspectives on the high-temperature superconductor: weak coupling, in which
correlation effects are treated as a perturbation on an underlying metallic
(although renormalized) Fermi liquid state, and strong coupling, in which the
magnetism is associated with well defined localized spins, and stripes are
viewed as a form of micro-phase separation. We present quantitative indicators
that the latter view better accounts for the observed stripe phenomena in the
cuprates.Comment: 43 pages, 11 figures, submitted to RMP; extensively revised and
greatly improved text; one new figure, one new section, two new appendices
and more reference
Finite-wavevector Jahn-Teller-pairing and superconductivity in the cuprat es
A model interaction is proposed in which pairing is caused by a non-local
Jahn-Teller (JT) -like instability due to the coupling between planar O states
and knot equal to 0 phonons. Apart from pairing, the interaction is found to
naturally allow metallic stripe formation. The consequences of the model for
superconductivity in the cuprates are discussed. The model is shown to be
consistent with numerous sets of experimental data in quite some detail.Comment: 20 pages, 6 ps figure
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