Optimization of polystyrene-supported triphenylphosphine catalysts for aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman reactions

A series of polar group functionalized polystyrene-supported phosphine reagents were examined as catalysts in the aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman reactions of N-tosyl arylimines and a variety of Michael acceptors with the aim of identifying the optimal polymer/solvent combination. For these reactions JandaJel-PPh3 (1 mmol PPh3/g loading) resin containing methoxy groups (JJ-OMe-PPh3) on the polystyrene backbone in THF solvent provided the highest yield of all the catalyst/solvent combinations examined. The methyl ether groups were incorporated into JJ-OMe-PPh3 using commercially available 4-methoxystyrene, and thus such polar polystyrene resins are easily accessible and should find utility as nucleophilic catalyst supports.postprin

An Unanswered Question about Heavy Metals in Chinese Herbal Medicinal Preparations: Environmental Contamination or Medicinal Elements?

Plenary Session 1: Translational/Population Studiespublished_or_final_versio

Multiple criteria data envelopment analysis for full ranking units associated to environment impact assessment

Author name used in this publication: Chun-Tian ChengAuthor Gang LI, Department of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian.2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

Enhancement of piezoelectric activity in P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer using two-step poling

Version of RecordPublishe

Using genetic algorithm and TOPSIS for Xinanjiang model calibration with a single procedure

Author name used in this publication: Chun-Tian ChengAuthor name used in this publication: K. W. ChauAuthor name used in this publication: Xin-yu Wu2005-2006 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

A Composite Method for Human Foot Structural Modeling

© 2015 The Authors A novel method including range-sensing scanning with texture and foot anatomical structure morphing basing on OpenSim is proposed. Palpation of important anatomical landmarks on foot surface was conducted by a physical therapist, and a range-sensing device, Microsoft Kinect sensor, was adopted for the 3D textured model acquisition. 3D coordinate data of the landmarks were measured and harnessed in OpenSim for subject-specific skeletal scaling based on a generic foot musculoskeletal model. The muscle attachment point coordinates derived from an anatomy database basing on sampling from East Asia people were used for muscle modelling. Then the 3D textured foot surface was registered with the morphed anatomical structures so that an integrated foot model was generated. The surface landmark locations were then compared with the corresponding internal bony sites and the errors were calculated to evaluate the accuracy and validity of this method. The potential error sources such as soft tissue thickness and scaling error were also mentioned and discussed. This technique is useful to create individual anatomically accurate human digital models for product design and development

A study on the disk-shaped piezoelectric transformer with multiple outputs

Author name used in this publication: K. H. LamAuthor name used in this publication: S. WangAuthor name used in this publication: K. W. KwokAuthor name used in this publication: X. Z. Zhao2007-2008 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Polarization of thick polyvinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene copolymer films

Version of RecordPublishe

Energy harvesting with piezoelectric drum transducer

Author name used in this publication: Kwok Ho LamAuthor name used in this publication: Cheng Liang SunAuthor name used in this publication: Kin Wing KwokAuthor name used in this publication: Helen Lai Wa ChanAuthor name used in this publication: Ming Sen GuoAuthor name used in this publication: Xing-Zhong Zhao2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

An analysis of the temperature dependence of force, during steady shortening at different velocities, in (mammalian) fast muscle fibres

We examined, over a wide range of temperatures (10–35°C), the isometric tension and tension during ramp shortening at different velocities (0.2–4 L0/s) in tetanized intact fibre bundles from a rat fast (flexor hallucis brevis) muscle; fibre length (L0) was 2.2 mm and sarcomere length ~2.5 μm. During a ramp shortening, the tension change showed an initial inflection of small amplitude (P1), followed by a larger exponential decline towards an approximate steady level; the tension continued to decline slowly afterwards and the approximate steady tension at a given velocity was estimated as the tension (P2) at the point of intersection between two linear slopes, as previously described (Roots et al. 2007). At a given temperature, the tension P2 declined to a lower level and at a faster rate (from an exponential curve fit) as the shortening velocity was increased; the temperature sensitivity of the rate of tension decline during ramp shortening at different velocities was low (Q10 0.9–1.5). The isometric tension and the P2 tension at a given shortening velocity increased with warming so that the relation between tension and (reciprocal) temperature was sigmoidal in both. In isometric muscle, the temperature T0.5 for half-maximal tension was ~10°C, activation enthalpy change (∆H) was ~100 kJ mol−1 and entropy change (∆S) ~350 J mol−1 K−1. In shortening, these were increased with increase of velocity so that at a shortening velocity (~4 L0/s) producing maximal power at 35°C, T0.5 was ~28°C, ∆H was ~200 kJ mol−1 and ∆S ~ 700 J mol−1 K−1; the same trends were seen in the tension data from isotonic release experiments on intact muscle and in ramp shortening experiments on maximally Ca-activated skinned fibres. In general, our findings show that the sigmoidal relation between force and temperature can be extended from isometric to shortening muscle; the implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the crossbridge cycle. The data indicate that the endothermic, entropy driven process that underlies crossbridge force generation in isometric muscle (Zhao and Kawai 1994; Davis, 1998) is even more pronounced in shortening muscle, i.e. when doing external work