Application progress of machine vision technology in the field of modern agricultural equipment

With the rapid progress of image processing algorithms and computer equipment, the development of machine vision technology in the field of modern agricultural equipment is in the ascendant, and major application results have been obtained in many production links to improve the efficiency and automation of agricultural production. In the face of China, the world's largest agricultural market, agricultural machine vision equipment undoubtedly has tremendous development potential and market prospects. This paper introduces the research and application of machine vision technology in agricultural equipment in the fields of agricultural product sorting, production automation, pest control, picking machinery and navigation and positioning, analyzes and summarizes the current problems, and looks forward to the future development trend

Oscillation criteria for a class of higher odd order neutral difference equations with continuous variable

In this paper, we are mainly concerned with oscillatory behavior of solutions for a class of higher odd order nonlinear neutral difference equations with continuous variable. By converting the above difference equations to the corresponding differential equations and inequalities, the oscillatory criteria are obtained. In addition, examples are given to illustrate the obtained criteria, respectively

Oscillation criteria for even-order nonlinear neutral difference equations with continuous variables

In this article, we study the oscillatory behavior of solutions to even-order nonlinear neutral difference equations of the form $$\Delta^m_\tau( x(t)-px(t-r))+f(t,x(g(t)))=0.$$ Using an integral transformation, the Riccati transformation, and iteration, we obtain sufficient conditions for all solutions to be oscillatory. Examples are also given to illustrate the obtained criteria

Agrobacterium - mediated transformation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) [abstract]

Abstract only availableSorghum variety P898012 was transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens containing a simple binary vector pSKRS to improve nutritional quality. Immature kernels of sorghum P898012 were harvested after 10 - 12 days pollination. After sterilization, embryos of size 1.0 - 1.6mm were isolated from kernels and immersed in agrobacterium suspension for 5 min, and placed onto co-cultivation medium, scutilla face up for 3 days at 25?. The embryos then transferred onto callus induction medium containing selection agent (Glufosinate 2.5 mg/L) for at least 4 weeks. As soon as herbicide-tolerant calli with somatic embryos developed, calli were transferred onto regeneration medium to develop shoots. At about 3 - 5 weeks, small shoots of height 3 - 5cm were moved into glass tubes containing rooting medium. PCR screening was used for determining transformation events at early stage. The results showed that an average of 2.54 % embryos treated with agrobacterium developed herbicide tolerance tissues on callus induction medium, but all of the condition embryos died of selection. Most of selected tissues developed shoots on regeneration medium, developing roots in rooting medium. After collecting a leaf from each plantlet, 20 DNA samples were purified by REDExtract-N0amptm kit for PCR. After PCR, 17 samples of 20 were positive

Effects of drought stress on soil bacteriall community in the West foot of Daxing’an Mountains

Global warming poses a serious threat to agriculture and natural systems, in part because of the change of soil moisture content, which changes soil microbial communities and ecological processes. Soil water content is the main factor limiting the growth of plants in soil. Microbial communities rely on soil water to complete their activities, and reveal the changes of underground microbial communities under different soil moisture content, which will help us to further understand the potential impact of climate change on soil ecosystem. To investigate the soil bacterial community structure, we established experiment indoor in the West foot of Daxing’an Mountains with manipulative water content treatments consisting of 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 0%. Results showed that bacterial community composition varied significantly with altered drought stress , but community richness did not. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased with the increase of drought stress, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadota decreased with the increase of drought stress, actinobacteria was more likely to accumulate or maintain stable under drought stress, bacterial communities can responding directly to changes in soil moisture

Larvicidal Activity of Two Rutaceae Plant Essential Oils and Their Constituents Against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Multiple Formulations

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a vector of several arboviruses, such as dengue, chikungunya, West Nile, and Zika viruses. At present, the use of synthetic insecticides is the main vector control strategy. However, the widespread and long-term use of insecticides has aroused several problems, including insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, and non-target species effects, thereby encouraging researchers to search for new alternatives derived from natural products. In recent decades, essential oils (EOs) as natural alternatives to control mosquitoes have received increasing attention. In the initial larvicidal activity screen, two Rutaceae plants (Citrus aurantium and Citrus paradisi) EOs were selected and evaluated for killing Ae. albopictus larvae. The LC50 values of C. aurantium and C. paradisi EOs against Ae. albopictus were 91.7 and 100.9 ppm, respectively. The main components of C. aurantium EO include diethyl o-phthalate (37.32%), limonene (10.04%), and methyl dihydrojasmonate (6.48%). The main components of C. paradisi EO include limonene (60.51%), diethyl o-phthalate (11.75%), linalool (7.90%), and styralyl acetate (6.28%). Among these main components of the two EOs, limonene showed potent larvicidal activity, with the LC50 value of 39.7 ppm. The nanoemulsions of limonene were prepared and characterized. The duration of larvicidal activity was greater in the limonene nanoemulsions than when limonene was applied in solvent. This study demonstrates that EOs of plants in family Rutaceae are a potential resource to develop new larvicides, and nanoemulsification is an effective method for improving the physicochemical properties and efficacy of natural products as larvicides

Arl2-and Msps-dependent microtubule growth governs asymmetric division

10.1083/jcb.201503047JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY2126661-67