Word Activation Forces Map Word Networks

Words associate with each other in a manner of intricate clusters^1-3^. Yet the brain capably encodes the complex relations into workable networks^4-7^ such that the onset of a word in the brain automatically and selectively activates its associates, facilitating language understanding and generation^8-10^. One believes that the activation strength from one word to another forges and accounts for the latent structures of the word networks. This implies that mapping the word networks from brains to computers^11,12^, which is necessary for various purposes^1,2,13-15^, may be achieved through modeling the activation strengths. However, although a lot of investigations on word activation effects have been carried out^8-10,16-20^, modeling the activation strengths remains open. Consequently, huge labor is required to do the mappings^11,12^. Here we show that our found word activation forces, statistically defined by a formula in the same form of the universal gravitation, capture essential information on the word networks, leading to a superior approach to the mappings. The approach compatibly encodes syntactical and semantic information into sparse coding directed networks, comprehensively highlights the features of individual words. We find that based on the directed networks, sensible word clusters and hierarchies can be efficiently discovered. Our striking results strongly suggest that the word activation forces might reveal the encoding of word networks in the brain

Relationship between human serum albumin and in-hospital mortality in critical care patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BackgroundThe relationship between human serum albumin levels and the prognosis of critical care patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between serum albumin levels and in-hospital mortality in critical care patients with COPD. METHODS: This study used a retrospective observational cohort from the Medical Information in Intensive Care database (MIMIC-IV) in the United States. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between serum albumin levels and in-hospital mortality. A restricted cubic spline line was also used to explore nonlinear relationship.ResultsA total of 3,398 critical care patients with COPD were included. The overall in-hospital mortality was 12.4%. We found a negative relationship between human serum albumin and in-hospital mortality (HR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p = 0.002).ConclusionIn critical care patients with COPD, there was a negative association between human serum albumin and in-hospital mortality

Micro-Nano Bioactive Glass Particles Incorporated Porous Scaffold for Promoting Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in vitro

Constructing the interconnected porous biomaterials scaffolds with osteogenesis and angiogenesis capacity is extremely important for efficient bone tissue engineering. Herein, we fabricated a bioactive micro-nano composite scaffolds with excellent in vitro osteogenesis and angiogenesis capacity, based on poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) incorporated with micro-nano bioactive glass (MNBG). The results showed that the addition of MNBG enlarged the pore size, increased the compressive modulus (4 times improvement), enhanced the physiological stability and apatite-forming ability of porous PLGA scaffolds. The in vitro studies indicated that the PLGA-MNBG porous scaffold could enhance the mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) attachment, proliferation, and promote the expression of osteogenesis marker (ALP). Additionally, PLGA-MNBG could also support the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and significantly enhanced the expression of angiogenesis marker (CD31) of HUVECs. The as-prepared bioactive PLGA-MNBG nanocomposites scaffolds with good osteogenesis and angiogenesis probably have a promising application for bone tissue regeneration

Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal the Genetic Basis of Ionomic Variation in Rice

Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important dietary source of both essential micronutrients and toxic trace elements for humans. The genetic basis underlying the variations in the mineral composition, the ionome, in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we describe a comprehensive study of the genetic architecture of the variation in the rice ionome performed using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the concentrations of 17 mineral elements in rice grain from a diverse panel of 529 accessions, each genotyped at ∼6.4 million single nucleotide polymorphism loci. We identified 72 loci associated with natural ionomic variations, 32 that are common across locations and 40 that are common within a single location. We identified candidate genes for 42 loci and provide evidence for the causal nature of three genes, the sodium transporter gene Os-HKT1;5 for sodium, Os-MOLYBDATE TRANSPORTER1;1 for molybdenum, and Grain number, plant height, and heading date7 for nitrogen. Comparison of GWAS data from rice versus Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) also identified well-known as well as new candidates with potential for further characterization. Our study provides crucial insights into the genetic basis of ionomic variations in rice and serves as an important foundation for further studies on the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling the rice ionome

Analysis of the nationality of Chinese based on the Ruby and Annotation of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio translated by Shibata Temma

In the early 20th century, Shibata Temma arrived in Manchuria, China from Japan. From theyear 1927 onward, Shibata began publishing translated series in a Japanese magazine called Manchu and Mongolia. His translation of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio played a crucial cultural role, and the series continued until the magazine ceased publication in 1942. Although the magazine featured many other Chinese literary works which were translated into Japanese, none of them had the longevity of Shibata’s translation of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio. It is clear that the collection was extremely well received. The series’ popularity raises two questions：(1) Which aspects of the translated work appealed to readers, and (2) What techniques did Shibata employ to cater to the magazine’s editorial principle of cultural development through translated works? These questions form the basis of the present study. Specifically, I explore the themes of ruby characters and annotation in Shibata’s translation Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, with a particular focus on Shibata’s attention to Chinese nationality through an interplay between ruby characters and annotations

The research of creep in tunnel which surrounding rock is expansion

Selecting the highway tunnel project in GuangXi province as the experimental research object,using Matlab numerical analysis software to analyze the creep data fitting,this essay concludes that the Generalized kelvin model is proper for creep model.Through converting the creep formula of generalized kelvin model with the third creep formula of implicit creep of ANSYS finite element software implicit creep,it determines the creep model parameters.On this basis,by performing numerical simulations in four different construction methods on expansive surrounding rock tunnel,fill-section excavation,CD excavation,bench cut method and double-side-drift method applied,it researches properties of time-varying mechanical.The results shows that the construction mechanics characteristics of expansive surrounding rock tunnel are effected by time.The deformation of surrounding rock is enhanced with the growth of time,but it tends to be stabilized on the fourth day.Excavation ways have an effect on expansive surrounding rock mechanics.The more one-off excavation rock area digs,the more changes in stress,strain and creep change for the expansive surrounding rock.Among the four kinds of excavation methods,double-side-drift method has best stress form and minimum creep variable