The Research of Fluxed Sinter Production with Sufficiently High Strength and Improved Technological Properties

This article is dedicated to utilization of substandard phosphorite fines and simultaneously producing of fluxed sinter. Optimal technological parameters of the sintering process of phosphate fines with addition of the substandard underoxidized nickel-cobalt-containing ore and the internal overburden of coal mining industry were established. The addition of the nickel-cobalt ore and internal overburden containing nickel, cobalt, silicon and aluminum in the charge composition permits to produce the fluxed sinter with improved technological properties, with acidity module 0.90-1.08, with the high impact, abrasion and compression strength. Decrease of the fines output (less than 6 mm) on 10-15% (relatively) in comparison with the existing (traditional) sintering technology is explained with a content of carbon (up to 50%) in the internal overburden and increase of eutectic liquid phase amount at the expense of fusible components of the nickel-cobalt ore. The result of this process is the fluxed sinter with sufficiently high strength and improved technological properties. At the subsequent electro thermal sublimation of phosphorus from the fluxed sinter with high strength properties the ferrophosphorus alloy forms which contains the alloying metals such as Ni, Co, Cr and others. These additions containing silicon and aluminum create an exothermic effect, which leads to decreasing of fuel and energy consumptions. The suggested technology allows to decrease a melting point of the charge on 100 В°C due to presence of fusible compounds in the sintering mixture and to reduce the fuel and energy consumption for the sinter production. Found that the introduction of nickel-cobalt ore and internal overburden of coal industry in the sinter charge provides a fluxed sinter phosphorite with module of acidity 0.93-1.08 sufficiently high strength and improved technological properties, in addition, at subsequent electric sublimation of phosphorus from fluxed sinter the ferro alloy alloyed with nickel and cobalt is formed, which is a valuable raw material for the steel industry. According to the research it is assumed that the replacement of natural quartzite used as a flux to the nickel-cobalt-chromium containing ore and internal overburden, which include about 45% of silicon, as well as transition of nickel, cobalt and chromium ore into ferrophosphorous alloy with subsequent sales of its steel industry to a higher price will significantly improve the technical and economic indices of phosphorus production

The longitudinal flow of oil and petroleum products in the channels and pipes

A model associated fluid flow and heat transfer of longitudinal flows of oil in pipes and channelsis considered. The model is based on the existence of a solid core or two such cores and fluid flow part. The flow is considered for the fluid part of Newtonian fluid, for power-law fluidsand for a Newtonian fluid in a turbulent regime. The amendments related to the nonlongitudinal to the flow equations of fluid dynamics and heat transfer, and their impact on core characteristics arediscussed

Mechanical Activation of the Phosphorites (Karatau Pool) by using Organic-Mineral Co-Activators for Multicomponent Mineral Fertilizers

Deficiency of mineral fertilizers in the agricultural sector for last 15–20 years has decreased. Therefore with the purpose of partial reduction of this deficiency it was developed a new polycomponent NPK fertilizer, which contains humate and vermiculite. The given fertilizer has been produced from the natural South Kazakhstan raw materials in accordance with an acid-free way. The given article contains the data and physicochemical properties of initial materials prepared on the basis of phosphorite fines of Zhanatas and Chulaktau deposits and sinter return. Characteristics of vermiculite and the internal overburden rocks formed at the mining brown coal on the Lenger deposit are represented. During the experimental research except the above-stated natural raw materials the following substances were used at manufacture of the  polycomponent fertilizer: ammonia saltpeter, ammonium sulphate produced by the OJSC “Grodno-Azot”, halurgical potassium chloride produced by “Belaruskaliy” and potassium hydroxide, a chemical reagent of a grade “pure”. The given article contains the data about the chemical composition of initial raw materials and conditions of mechanical-chemical activation of the initial materials at various values of components concentration, temperature and time at the polycomponent fertilizer manufacture. The plan and research results of phosphorite’s activation with the analysis of a disperse structure of nonactivated and activated Zhanatas phosphorite are represented. The determination of nonactivated and activated phosphorites specific surface was performed with use of a device PSH-8A according to the method based on the measurement of hydraulic resistance of a powder material’s layer at filtration of an air low-pressure stream

Agronomical Field Testing of New Kinds of Multicomponent Mineral Fertilizers

Analysis of modern scientific literature and patents has shown the absence of acid-free production technology of a mechanically activated multicomponent mineral fertilizer containing water-holding substances. Experimental researches connecting with mechanochemical activation and physicochemical properties of Karatau phosphorites prove a possibility of development of a new multicomponent mineral fertilizer. Application of inorganic and organic activators considerably improves qualities of fertilizers because the developed fertilizer mixtures contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humate and microelements. The suggested technology intends to use wastes of coal mining that leads to presence of humates and microelements in the end product. It was determined, that content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium depends on a form of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-containing substances. The given article contains data of researches connecting with use of multicomponent mineral fertilizers in field conditions for cotton cultivation on irrigated light sierozems consisting of soil-forming rocks of loess and loess-type clay loams. The research results show the increase of soil’s fertility and cotton’s productivity. Studying of agronomic efficiency of the new kinds of mechanically activated multicomponent mineral fertilizers at the cultivation of a bean-cereal mixture has been carried out in the Negorelsk experimental nursery-garden of the Belarus State Technical University on a sod-podzol sandy-loam soil and has shown the essential influence on productivity and quality of the bean-cereal mixture. The researches fulfilled on a sod-podzol sandy-loam soil have revealed the essential increase of key indicators of feed productivity. Application of the mineral fertilizers has promoted increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in green plants. In so doing content of calcium and magnesium in green mass depends from quantity of the fertilizer used to a smaller extent. An essential difference of crop capacity and feed productivity indicators depending on forms of the applied mineral fertilizers has not been found