Droit de l’internet : droit français et européen (2ème éd.)

<p>Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on sperm vitality.</p

Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on semen volume.

<p>Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on semen volume.</p

The Effect of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) on Semen Parameters in Human Males: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is one of the risk factors of impaired male fertility potential. Studies have investigated the effect of CP/CPPS on several semen parameters but have shown inconsistent results. Hence, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess the association between CP/CPPS and basic semen parameters in adult men.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Systematic literature searches were conducted with PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library up to August 2013 for case-control studies that involved the impact of CP/CPSS on semen parameters. Meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager and Stata software. Standard mean differences (SMD) of semen parameters were identified with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in a random effects model.</p><p>Results</p><p>Twelve studies were identified, including 999 cases of CP/CPPS and 455 controls. Our results illustrated that the sperm concentration and the percentage of progressively motile sperm and morphologically normal sperm from patients with CP/CPPS were significantly lower than controls (SMD (95% CI) −14.12 (−21.69, −6.63), −5.94 (−8.63, −3.25) and −8.26 (−11.83, −4.66), respectively). However, semen volume in the CP/CPPS group was higher than in the control group (SMD (95% CI) 0.50 (0.11, 0.89)). There was no significant effect of CP/CPPS on the total sperm count, sperm total motility, and sperm vitality.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The present study illustrates that there was a significant negative effect of CP/CPPS on sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility, and normal sperm morphology. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better illuminate the negative impact of CP/CPPS on semen parameters.</p></div

Flow diagram of selection of eligible studies.

<p>Flow diagram of selection of eligible studies.</p

Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on total sperm counts.

<p>Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on total sperm counts.</p

Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on sperm total motility.

<p>Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on sperm total motility.</p

Characteristics of included studies investigating the effect of CP/CPPS on semen parameters.

<p>Abbreviations: SpV, semen volume; SC, sperm concentration (density); TSC, total sperm count; SPM, progressive sperm motility; STM, total sperm motility; SpV, sperm vitality; SNM, normal sperm morphology; IIIA, NIH IIIA subgroup; IIIB, NIH IIIB subgroup; III, NIH III subgroup; NI, not indicated in studies;</p>a<p>: confirmed by the authors.</p

DataSheet1_In vivo targeting capacities of different nanoparticles to prostate tissues based on a mouse model of chronic bacterial prostatitis.ZIP

Chronic bacterial prostatitis usually occurs in men and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The efficacy of chronic bacterial prostatitis treatment is limited by the difficulty for free drugs (e.g., antibiotics) to penetrate the prostate epithelium and target inflammatory tissues. The advent of nanotechnology offers the possibility to address this issue, such as the development of targeted nanoparticle delivery strategies that may overcome these important limitations. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, such as particle size, shape and surface modification ligands, determine their targeting effectiveness. In this study, nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties were prepared to explore and confirm their targeting capacities to inflammatory prostate tissues of chronic bacterial prostatitis, focusing on the effects of size and different modification ligands on the targeting performance. In vivo and ex vivo imaging results verified that folic acid-modified nanoparticles with a particle size of 180–190 nm via tail intravenous injection had the optimal targeting efficiency to prostate tissues. Our results provide an experimental basis and reference value for targeted therapy of prostate-related diseases with nanotechnology in the future.</p

Celastrol targets T/E fusion, AR and AR3 expression at transcriptional level by quantitative Real-time PCR.

<p>When VCaP cells were treated with different concentration of Celastrol for 24 h, inhibition of targeted genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. β-actin was used as the control gene. T/E fusion expression(<b>A</b>), AR(<b>B</b>) and AR3 (<b>C</b>) expression are shown in each figure. The inhibition of these genes at RNA levels by Celastrol are significant in a dose-depedent manner. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between Celastrol treated group and the control by t-test.</p

Celastrol inhibit VCaP cell growth <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Cells (1×10⁵) were plated in 35 mm dishes in complete medium and treated with different concentration of Celastrol for 24 h. Proliferation of the 8 groups of VCaP cells were measured using a Coulter counter. Cells were trypsinized and counted in triplicate. Cell numbers for each group are divided by the total cell number in the control group without Celastrol treatment. The experiment was repeated three times. Mean +/− standard deviation is shown. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between Celastrol treated group and the control. (<b>B</b>) 1×10⁵ of VCaP, LNCaP, PC3 and DU145 were exposured to 0.5 µM Celastrol for 24 h, cell numbers were counted for each group and divided by the total cell numbers in control groups to obtain the survival ratio.The experiment was repeated three times. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between different cell lines and the VCaP cells.</p